Unit 4 Flashcards
A systematic form of data examination, characterized by visual inspection of graphical displays of those data.
Visual Data analysis
- Data may be embedded in text.
- Data may be presented in summary form, usually as a structured data table (a numerical representation of data).
- Data may be presented in graphical form (a visual representation of data).
Types of data display
A relatively simple visual format for displaying data.
Graph
Equal interval line graph
Cumulative records
Bar graph
Semi logarithmic graphs
Graphic displays used in ABA
Based on a Cartesian* plane, a two-dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines (one vertical, one horizontal).
Equal interval line graph
Any point within the plane of the chart represents a specific relationship between the two variables (dimensions) measured along each of the axis lines.
Simple Line Graph
Most commonly used format for charting ABA data
Used to evaluate treatment effectiveness
Used in functional analyses
Common Uses of Line Graphs
The horizontal X-axis The vertical Y-axis Data points The data path Condition and phase change lines Condition and phase change labels Figure legend
Parts of an Equal Interval line graph
X-axis.
The abscissa.
Represents the passage of time
Horizontal Axis
Y-axis
The ordinate
Represents the range of values of the dependent variable.
Vertical Axis
Can be marked according to the needs of the behavior analyst, to promote the most useful analysis.
Can be marked as any specified recorded observation periods, over a period of time.
X-Axis units
Equal movements up the Y-axis represent equal increases in the behavior.
The behavior should be expressed in whole time units.
Y-Axis units
Runs from zero up to some number which is chosen by the creator of the graph.
Y-Axis Range
An individually measured value of the target behavior (the DV) at any given point in time.
Data Points
A series of straight lines connecting successive data points within a phase or condition.
It represents the relationship between the IV and the DV
Data Path
Major changes occur in the independent variable A major (usually permanent) change in the environment
Phase Changes
Document phase changes
Placed at a point along the X-axis indicating the point in time when the phase change occurred
For a clear visual separation between the data charted before the phase change, and the data collected after the phase change.
Phase Change Lines
Minor changes occur in the independent variable A minor (usually temporary) change in the environment
Condition Change Lines
States what time periods are represented by each successive data point.
X-Axis Labels
States what response measure was used to measure the dependent variable - the target behavior
Y-Axis Labels
Brief labels, placed at the top of the chart, and identify each separate major phase of treatment
Phase Labels
Mark changes occurring within a phase
Condition labels
A concise statement that provides you with:
Sufficient information to identify the dependent variables and the independent variables, and
Possibly other salient information necessary to visually interpret the data.
Figure Legend
Level
Variability
Trend
The number of data points
Visual Analysis of a Graph
The mean (average) value of a set of data points, usually across an entire condition or phase.
Level
The overall direction taken by the data path through a set of data points
Trend
The extent to which measures of behavior under the same environmental conditions diverge from one another.
Variability
Outlying data points skew the level line in a way that makes it non-representative of the data set as a whole.
Median Level
The direction and degree of the trend in a series of graphically displayed data points can be visually represented with a straight line drawn through the data.
Trend Lines
Bisect the data, with close to an equal number of data points above the line as below the line.
Best Fit Line
A mathematical way to calculate trend
Split Middle Line of Progress
Developed by Skinner as the primary means of data collection and analysis in EAB laboratory research.
Cumulative Record
It is primarily used in EAB.
Each response moves the ink stylus one unit (click) along its track.
When it reaches the end of the track, it resets to zero and begins moving again, one click at a time.
Paper moves under the stylus at a steady rate.
Cumulative Recorder
The vertical axis represents the value of a dependent variable
The horizontal axis represents a phase, condition, or classification variable.
Bar Graph (Histogram)
