Unit 4

Question 1

A systematic form of data examination, characterized by visual inspection of graphical displays of those data.

Answer 1

Visual Data analysis

Question 2

1. Data may be embedded in text.
2. Data may be presented in summary form, usually as a structured data table (a numerical representation of data).
3. Data may be presented in graphical form (a visual representation of data).

Answer 2

Types of data display

Question 3

A relatively simple visual format for displaying data.

Answer 3

Graph

Question 4

Equal interval line graph
Cumulative records
Bar graph
Semi logarithmic graphs

Answer 4

Graphic displays used in ABA

Question 5

Based on a Cartesian* plane, a two-dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines (one vertical, one horizontal).

Answer 5

Equal interval line graph

Question 6

Any point within the plane of the chart represents a specific relationship between the two variables (dimensions) measured along each of the axis lines.

Answer 6

Simple Line Graph

Question 7

Most commonly used format for charting ABA data
Used to evaluate treatment effectiveness
Used in functional analyses

Answer 7

Common Uses of Line Graphs

Question 8

The horizontal X-axis
The vertical Y-axis
Data points
The data path
Condition and phase change lines
Condition and phase change labels
Figure legend

Answer 8

Parts of an Equal Interval line graph

Question 9

X-axis.
The abscissa.
Represents the passage of time

Answer 9

Horizontal Axis

Question 10

Y-axis
The ordinate
Represents the range of values of the dependent variable.

Answer 10

Vertical Axis

Question 11

Can be marked according to the needs of the behavior analyst, to promote the most useful analysis.
Can be marked as any specified recorded observation periods, over a period of time.

Answer 11

X-Axis units

Question 12

Equal movements up the Y-axis represent equal increases in the behavior.
The behavior should be expressed in whole time units.

Answer 12

Y-Axis units

Question 13

Runs from zero up to some number which is chosen by the creator of the graph.

Answer 13

Y-Axis Range

Question 14

An individually measured value of the target behavior (the DV) at any given point in time.

Answer 14

Data Points

Question 15

A series of straight lines connecting successive data points within a phase or condition.
It represents the relationship between the IV and the DV

Answer 15

Data Path

Question 16

Major changes occur in the independent variable
 A major (usually permanent) change in the environment

Answer 16

Phase Changes

Question 17

Document phase changes
Placed at a point along the X-axis indicating the point in time when the phase change occurred
For a clear visual separation between the data charted before the phase change, and the data collected after the phase change.

Answer 17

Phase Change Lines

Question 18

Minor changes occur in the independent variable
A minor (usually temporary) change in the environment

Answer 18

Condition Change Lines

Question 19

States what time periods are represented by each successive data point.

Answer 19

X-Axis Labels

Question 20

States what response measure was used to measure the dependent variable - the target behavior

Answer 20

Y-Axis Labels

Question 21

Brief labels, placed at the top of the chart, and identify each separate major phase of treatment

Answer 21

Phase Labels

Question 22

Mark changes occurring within a phase

Answer 22

Condition labels

Question 23

A concise statement that provides you with:
Sufficient information to identify the dependent variables and the independent variables, and
Possibly other salient information necessary to visually interpret the data.

Answer 23

Figure Legend

Question 24

Level
Variability
Trend
The number of data points

Answer 24

Visual Analysis of a Graph

Question 25

The mean (average) value of a set of data points, usually across an entire condition or phase.

Answer 25

Level

Question 26

The overall direction taken by the data path through a set of data points

Answer 26

Trend

Question 27

The extent to which measures of behavior under the same environmental conditions diverge from one another.

Answer 27

Variability

Question 28

Outlying data points skew the level line in a way that makes it non-representative of the data set as a whole.

Answer 28

Median Level

Question 29

The direction and degree of the trend in a series of graphically displayed data points can be visually represented with a straight line drawn through the data.

Answer 29

Trend Lines

Question 30

Bisect the data, with close to an equal number of data points above the line as below the line.

Answer 30

Best Fit Line

Question 31

A mathematical way to calculate trend

Answer 31

Split Middle Line of Progress

Question 32

Developed by Skinner as the primary means of data collection and analysis in EAB laboratory research.

Answer 32

Cumulative Record

Question 33

It is primarily used in EAB.
Each response moves the ink stylus one unit (click) along its track.
When it reaches the end of the track, it resets to zero and begins moving again, one click at a time.
Paper moves under the stylus at a steady rate.

Answer 33

Cumulative Recorder

Question 34

The vertical axis represents the value of a dependent variable
The horizontal axis represents a phase, condition, or classification variable.

Answer 34

Bar Graph (Histogram)