Unit 4

Question 1

Define human development.

Answer 1

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests.

It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living

and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.

Question 2

Define HDI

Answer 2

Dimensions of health as indicated by life expectancy at birth, education as indicated by years of schooling and expected years of schooling and living standards as indicated by gross national income per capita.it can be used as an indicator for both social and economic development.

Question 3

What is a developed country?

Answer 3

A country that had progressed adequately with regard to economic, mortality and demographic indicators.

Question 4

What is a developing country?

Answer 4

A country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators.

Question 5

What are the 3 dimensions of the HDI?

Answer 5

• health (life expectancy)
• knowledge (education/literacy)
• standard of living (income -GDP)

Question 6

What are the characteristics of developed and developing countries?

Answer 6

Economic characteristics
Environmental characteristics
Social characteristics

Question 7

What are the economic characteristics of developed countries?

Answer 7

Wide range of industries
Low international debt
Many opportunities for global trade
High average incomes

Question 8

What are the social characteristics of developed countries?

Answer 8

Gender equality 
Low birth rates
High levels of employment 
High levels of educations
Social security systems 
Developed health systems
Access to technology
Developed legal systems
No history of colonisation

Question 9

What are the environmental characteristic s of developed countries?

Answer 9

Safe water and sanitation
Adequate infrastructure
Access to food
Adequate housing

Question 10

What are the health indicators for HDI?

Answer 10

Life expectancy at birth

Question 11

What are the education indicators for the HDI?

Answer 11

Mean years of schooling

Expected years of schooling

Question 12

What are the living standards indicators for the HDI?

Answer 12

Gross national income per capita

Question 13

What are the influences on health status and human development?

Answer 13

Peace and political stability
Education
Income 
Global marketing
Physical environment 
Gender equality 
Access to health care

Question 14

What makes up global marketing?

Answer 14

Processed food
Tobacco
Alcohol

Question 15

What makes up physical environment?

Answer 15

Water and sanitation
Infrastructure
Housing
Climate/ climate change

Question 16

What are indicators of health status?

Answer 16

Life expectancy 
Access to safe drinking water
Infant mortality 
Literacy rates
GDP
Access to sanitation
U5 mortality rate 
Disease rates

Question 17

What makes up health status?

Answer 17

Mortality
Morbidity
Life expectancy