unit 4 Flashcards
What are refined carbs?
Refined carbohydrates are found in foods such as cake, cookies, chocolate, pop, candy, and white bread. Refining carbohydrates refers to foods that have undergone processing that change or removes components (vitamins, minerals, fibre) of the original food.
What are unrefined carbs?
We consume carbohydrates in their natural, whole forms from milk, fruit, legumes, and whole grains.
What is a simple carb?
sugars – monosaccarhides and disaccharides
What are the three common monosaccharides (basic unit of a single simplex carb)?
- Glucose – is the most important carbohydrate fuel for the body
- Galactose – rarely present as a monosaccharide, most often found linked with glucose forming lactose.
- Fructose – primary form of carbohydrate found in fruit. It also makes up more than half the sugar in honey.
When two monosaccharide’s combine, they form what disaccharides? (These are still simple carbs)
- Sucrose= glucose + fructose aka table sugar
- Maltose= glucose + glucose. Responsible for the sweet taste when bread is held in the mouth for a few minutes as salivary amylase breaks it down
- Lactose = glucose + galactose found in dairy products. Aka milk sugar
What are complex carbs?
oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycogen, starch, and fibre
What is an oligosaccharide?
short chain of 3-10 monosaccharides
What are polysaccharides, and what are the three kinds?
Long chains of monosaccharides (less than 10).
o Glycogen is a highly-branched polysaccharide found in animals. It is the storage form of CHO for animals in the liver and muscle. The numerous branches allow for more enzyme action so it can be easily broken down for energy.
o Starch is made up of amylose (straight long chains of glucose) and amylopectin (branched chains of glucose) found in plants.
o Fibre cannot be digested by enzymes or absorbed in the body. It can have different physiological properties:
