Unit 4

Question 1

sympathetic chain cord levels

Answer 1

T1-L2

Question 2

intercostal muscle inn. levels

Answer 2

T1-T12

Question 3

abdominal muscles cord inn.

Answer 3

ventral rami T7-L2

Question 4

phrenic n. cord levels

Answer 4

C3-5

Question 5

parasympathetic fibers (foregut and midgut)

Answer 5

CN X or vagus n.

Question 6

parasympathetic fibers (hindgut)

Answer 6

S2-4

Question 7

mucosa

Answer 7

innermost layer of GI tract that secretes mucous and digestive juices

*where absorption occurs

Question 8

submucosa

Answer 8

connective tissue layer where blood vessels, nerves, and glands are located

Question 9

muscularis

Answer 9

smooth muscle layer (2 everywhere but 3 in stomach)

Question 10

serosa

Answer 10

visceral peritoneum that is the outer lining of tract

[except superior esophagus and inferior rectum]

Question 11

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 11

• kidney
• pancreas
• IVC
• aorta
• adrenal glands
• ureters
• ascending colon
• descending colon
• duodenum

Question 12

pineal gland

Answer 12

influences sleep/wake cycles, releases melatonin

Question 13

pituitary gland

Answer 13

“master gland” controls all the other glands

Question 14

thyroid gland

Answer 14

increases body’s metabolism, and DECREASES Ca2+ in blood

Question 15

parathyroid gland

Answer 15

INCREASES Ca2+ in blood

Question 16

thymus gland

Answer 16

helps develop immune system early in life; peaks at puberty then atrophies

Question 17

adrenal glands

Answer 17

influence cell metabolism and sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

pancreas

Answer 18

influence blood sugar levels (endocrine), secretes digestive enzymes (exocrine)

Question 19

gonads

Answer 19

testes and ovaries

Question 20

foregut

Answer 20

inferior esophagus
stomach 
liver
gall bladder 
pancreas 
proximal duodenum

Question 21

midgut

Answer 21

distal duodenum
jejunum 
ileum
cecum 
ascending colon 
hepatic flexure
proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Question 22

hindgut

Answer 22

distal 1/3 transverse colon 
splenic flexure
descending colon 
sigmoid colon 
rectum

Question 23

inferior mesenteric a.

Answer 23

supplies inferior diaphragm

Question 24

musculophrenic a.

Answer 24

supplies superior/anterior diaphragm

Question 25

superior epigasteric a.

Answer 25

supplies superior 1/2 of anterior abdominal wall

Question 26

inferior epigasteric a.

Answer 26

supplies inferior 1/2 of anterior abdominal wall

• off of internal iliac a.

Question 27

lumbar a.

Answer 27

supplies posterior abdominal wall

Question 28

median sacral a.

Answer 28

supplies portion of pelvic wall

Question 29

celiac trunk

Answer 29

supplies foregut

Question 30

superior mesenteric a.

Answer 30

supplies midgut

Question 31

inferior mesenteric a.

Answer 31

supplies hindgut

Question 32

gonadal a.

Answer 32

supplies testis or ovaries

Question 33

renal a.

Answer 33

supplies kidneys

Question 34

function of the stomach

Answer 34

• storage

- converts bolus to chyme

Question 35

function of the liver

Answer 35

produce bile

Question 36

function of the gallbladder

Answer 36

store bile

Question 37

function of the spleen

Answer 37

produce lymphocytes

Question 38

function of the pancreas

Answer 38

endocrine - blood sugar levels

exocrine - digestive enzymes

Question 39

function of the small intestine

Answer 39

absorption of nutrients and liquids

Question 40

function of the large intestine

Answer 40

reabsorption of water, leaving solid waste

Question 41

function of kidneys

Answer 41

filter waste from blood

Question 42

function of bladder

Answer 42

store urine