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Anatomy 3300 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, and bones of thorax

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

lower and upper limbs

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3
Q

how many vertebrae in the vertebral column?

A

33

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4
Q

primary curve

A

thoracic and sacrococcygeal

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5
Q

secondary curve

A

cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated posterior curve of thoracic region

“hunchback”

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7
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated anterior curve of lumbar region

- common in pregnant women

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8
Q

scoliosis

A

a lateral curve of lumbar or thoracic region

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9
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1-7

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10
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8-10

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11
Q

floating ribs

A

11 and 12

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12
Q

C1

A

atlas

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13
Q

C2

A

axis

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14
Q

special feature of axis?

A

dens

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15
Q

special feature of atlas?

A

NO body!

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16
Q

special feature of thoracic vertebrae?

A

facets for ribs

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17
Q

special feature of cervical vertebrae?

A

transverse foramina

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18
Q

special feature of lumbar vertebrae?

A

large body

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19
Q

deep back muscles

A

erector spinae

  • from lateral to medial*
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
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20
Q

deep back muscles - inn.

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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21
Q

pectoral girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

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22
Q

bones of upper limb

A 
humerus
radius
ulna
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges
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23
Q

retraction

A

scapula moves posteriorly

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24
Q

protraction

A

scapula moves anteriorly

“hug”

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25
Q

elevation

A

scapula moves superiorly

“shrug shoulders”

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26
Q

depression

A

scapula moves inferiorly

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27
Q

supination

A

palms up

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28
Q

pronation

A

palms down

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29
Q

posterior axioappendicular muscles

A 
trapezius 
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor 
latissimus dorsi
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30
Q

trapezius - origin

A

nuchal ligament, spinous process of C1-T12

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31
Q

trapezius - insertion

A

spine, acromion, and lateral 1/3 of clavicle

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32
Q

trapezius - action

A

elevation, retraction, and depression of the scapula

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33
Q

trapezius - inn.

A

spinal accessory n.

CN XI

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34
Q

levator scapulae - origin

A

transverse process of C1-4

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35
Q

levator scapulae - insertion

A

superior medial scapula

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36
Q

levator scapulae - action

A

elevation of scapula

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37
Q

levator scapulae - inn.

A

dorsal scapular n.

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38
Q

rhomboid major/minor - origin

A

spinous processes of C7-T5

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39
Q

rhomboid major/minor - insertion

A

medial scapula

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40
Q

rhomboid major/minor - action

A

retraction of the scapula

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41
Q

rhomboid major/minor - inn.

A

dorsal scapular n.

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42
Q

latissimus dorsi - origin

A

spinous processes of T7-12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

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43
Q

latissimus dorsi - insertion

A

intertuburcular groove (humerus)

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44
Q

latissimus dorsi - action

A

extension, ADduction, and medial rotation of the arm

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45
Q

latissimus dorsi - inn.

A

thoracodorsal n.

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46
Q

anterior axioappendicular muscles

A

serratus anterior
pectorals major
pectoralis minor

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47
Q

serratus anterior - origin

A

ribs 1-8

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48
Q

serratus anterior - insertion

A

anterior/medial scapula

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49
Q

serratus anterior - action

A

protracts scapula/hold scapula to the body

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50
Q

serratus anterior - inn.

A

long thoracic n.

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51
Q

pectoralis major - origin

A

ribs 2-6
sternum
medial 1/2 of the clavicle

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52
Q

pectoralis major - insertion

A

crest of the greater tubercle

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53
Q

pectoralis major - action

A

medial rotation and adduction of arm

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54
Q

pectoralis major- inn.

A

medial and lateral pectoral nn.

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55
Q

pectoralis minor - origin

A

ribs 3-5

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56
Q

pectoralis minor - insertion

A

coracoid process of the scapula

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57
Q

pectoralis minor - action

A

protraction of the scapula

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58
Q

pectoralis minor - inn.

A

medial pectoral n.

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59
Q

scapulohumeral muscles

A 
supraspinatus 
infraspinatus 
teres minor
subscapularis 
teres major 
deltoid
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60
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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61
Q

supraspinatus - origin

A

supraspinous fossa

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62
Q

supraspinatus - insertion

A

greater tubercle

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63
Q

supraspinatus - action

A

ABduction of the arm (initial 15°)

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64
Q

supraspinatus - inn.

A

suprascapular n.

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65
Q

infraspinatus - origin

A

infraspinous fossa

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66
Q

infraspinatus - insertion

A

greater tubercle

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67
Q

infraspinatus - action

A

lateral rotation of the arm

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68
Q

infraspinatus - inn.

A

suprascapular n.

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69
Q

teres minor - origin

A

lateral/posterior scapular surface

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70
Q

teres minor - insertion

A

greater tubercle

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71
Q

teres minor - action

A

lateral rotation of the arm

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72
Q

teres minor - inn.

A

axillary n.

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73
Q

subscapularis - origin

A

subscapular fossa

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74
Q

subscapularis - insertion

A

lesser tubercle

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75
Q

subscapularis - action

A

medial rotation of the arm

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76
Q

subscapularis - inn.

A

upper and lower subscapular n.

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77
Q

teres major - origin

A

inferior/posterior scapular surface

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78
Q

teres major - insertion

A

crest of the lesser tubercle

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79
Q

teres major - action

A

adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the arm

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80
Q

teres major - inn.

A

lower subscapular n.

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81
Q

deltoid - origin

A

spine/acrominon of scapula

lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

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82
Q

deltoid - insertion

A

deltoid tuberosity

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83
Q

deltoid - action

A

ABduction of the arm (after 15°)

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84
Q

deltoid - inn.

A

axillary n.

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85
Q

anterior arm muscles

A

coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
brachialis

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86
Q

coracobrachialis - origin

A

coracoid process

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87
Q

coracobrachialis - insertion

A

medial humeral shaft

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88
Q

coracobrachialis - action

A

flexion and adduction of arm

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89
Q

coracobrachialis - inn.

A

musculocutaneous n.

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90
Q

biceps brachii LH - origin

A

supraglenoid tubercle

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91
Q

biceps brachii SH - origin

A

coracoid process

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92
Q

biceps brachii LH & SH - insertion

A

radial tuberosity

93
Q

biceps brachii LH & SH - action

A

flexion and supination of forearm

94
Q

biceps brachii LH & SH - inn.

A

musculocutaneous n.

95
Q

brachialis - origin

A

anterior humerus mid-shaft

96
Q

brachialis - insertion

A

ulnar tuberosity

97
Q

brachialis - action

A

flexion of forearm

98
Q

brachialis - inn.

A

musculocutaneous n.

99
Q

posterior arm compartment

A

triceps brachii

  • long head
  • medial head
  • lateral head
100
Q

triceps brachii LH - origin

A

infraglenoid tubercle

101
Q

triceps brachii MEDIAL HEAD & LATERAL HEAD - origin

A

posterior humeral shaft

102
Q

triceps brachii - insertion

A

olecranon process

103
Q

triceps brachii - action

A

extension of forearm

104
Q

triceps brachii - inn.

A

radial n.

105
Q

anterior forearm is the…

A

flexor side

106
Q

posterior forearm is the…

A

extensor side

107
Q

radialis is toward which side? and at least does what action?

A

thumb side

ABducts the wrist

108
Q

ulnaris toward which side? and at least does what action?

A

pinky side

Adducts the wrist

109
Q

thumb is also called

A

pollicus

110
Q

superficial anterior forearm

A 
pronator teres 
flexor carpi radialis 
palmaris longus 
flexor carpi ulnaris 
flexor digitorum superficialis
111
Q

pronator teres - action

A

pronation of the forearm

112
Q

pronator teres- inn.

A

median n.

113
Q

flexor capri radialis - action

A

flexion of the wrist

ABduction of the wrist

114
Q

palmaris longus - action

A

flexion of the wrist

115
Q

palmaris longus - inn.

A

median n.

116
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris - action

A

flexion of the wrist

ADduction of the wrist

117
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris - inn.

A

ulnar n.

118
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis - action

A

flexion of the wrist

flexion of digits 2-5

119
Q

flexor digitorum superfcialis - inn.

A

median n.

120
Q

deep anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

121
Q

flexor digitorum profundus - action

A

flexion of the wrist

flexion of digits 2-5

122
Q

flexor digitorum profundus - inn.

A

median n. (digits 2/3)

ulnar n. (digits 4/5)

123
Q

flexor pollicis longus - action

A

flexion of the wrist

flexion of the thumb

124
Q

flexor pollicis longus - inn.

A

median n.

125
Q

pronator quadratus - action

A

pronates forearm

126
Q

pronator quadratus - inn.

A

median n.

127
Q

superficial posterior forearm

A 
brachioradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis 
extensor digitorum 
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulanaris 
anconeus
128
Q

brachioradialis - action

A

flexion of the forearm

129
Q

brachioradialis - inn.

A

radial n.

130
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus - action

A

extension of the wrist

ABduction of the wrist

131
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus - inn.

A

radial n.

132
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis - action

A

extension of the wrist

ABduction of the wrist

133
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis - inn.

A

radial n.

134
Q

extensor digitorum - action

A

extension of the wrist

extension of digits 2-5

135
Q

extensor digitorum - inn.

A

radial n.

136
Q

extensor digiti minimi - action

A

extension of the wrist

extension of 5th digit

137
Q

extensor digiti minimi - inn.

A

radial n.

138
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris - action

A

extension of the wrist

ADduction of the wrist

139
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris - inn.

A

radial n.

140
Q

anconeus - action

A

extension of the forearm

141
Q

anconeus - inn.

A

radial n.

142
Q

deep posterior forearm

A

supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor indicis

143
Q

supinator - action

A

supination of the forearm

144
Q

supinator - inn.

A

radial n.

145
Q

abductor pollicis longus - action

A

ABduction of the thumb

extension of the thumb

146
Q

abductor pollicis longus - inn.

A

radial n.

147
Q

extensor pollicis brevis - action

A

extension of the thumb

148
Q

extensor pollicis brevis - inn.

A

radial n.

149
Q

extensor pollicis longus - action

A

extension of the thumb

150
Q

extensor pollicis longus - inn.

A

radial n.

151
Q

extensor indicis - action

A

extension of the index finger

152
Q

extensor indicis - inn.

A

radial n.

153
Q

muscles of the hand

A 
thenar eminence (3)
hypothenar eminence (3)
lumbricals (4)
adductor pollicis 
palmar and dorsal interosseous (8)
palmaris brevis
154
Q

thenar eminence

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

155
Q

what nerve inn. the thenar eminence?

A

median n.

156
Q

hypothenar eminence

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi

157
Q

what nerve inn. the hypothenar eminence?

A

ulnar n.

158
Q

lumbricals 1 & 2 are inn. by?

A

median n.

159
Q

lumbricals 3 & 4 are inn. by?

A

ulnar n.

160
Q

what is the action of the lumbricals?

A

flex at the MP joint
extend at the IP joint
“table top”

161
Q

adductor pollicis is inn. by?

A

ulnar n.

162
Q

what action is produced by palmar interosseous?

A

adduction of the digits (PAD)

163
Q

what action is produced by the dorsal interosseous?

A

ABduction of the digits (DAB)

164
Q

what nerve inn. the interosseous muscles?

A

ulnar n.

165
Q

palmaris brevis does what?

A

protect ulnar n. and ulnar a. as they cross the wrist

insignificant in movement

166
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 PAIRS

167
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves?

A

8

168
Q

how many thoracic spinal nerves?

A

12

169
Q

how many lumbar spinal nerves?

A

5

170
Q

how many sacral spinal nerves?

A

5

171
Q

how many coccygeal spinal nerves?

A

1

172
Q

how many vertebrae are there?

A

33

173
Q

cord levels of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

174
Q

where are the C1-C7 spinal nerves compared to their respective vertebrae?

A

ABOVE

175
Q

from C8 and below, where are the spinal nerves compared to their respective vertebrae?

A

BELOW

176
Q

rami

A

ventral rami C5-T1, emerge in upper neck

177
Q

trunks

A

upper, middle, and lower form in lower neck

178
Q

divisions

A

anterior and posterior, split off deep to clavicle

179
Q

cords

A

medial, lateral, and posterior, form axillary region

180
Q

branches

A

5 terminal branches, forms off the 3 cords

181
Q

cord levels of musculocuaneous n.?

A

C5-C7

182
Q

cord levels of ulnar n.?

A

C8-T1

183
Q

cord levels of median n.?

A

C5-T1

184
Q

cord levels of radial n.?

A

C5-T1

185
Q

cord levels of axillary n.?

A

C5-6

186
Q

where is the dorsal scapular n.?

A

beaches directly off ventral ramus C5

187
Q

what does the dorsal scapular n. inn.?

A

rhomboids and levator scapulae

188
Q

where is the long thoracic n.?

A

formed directly off ventral rami C5-7

189
Q

what does the long thoracic n. inn.?

A

serratus anterior

190
Q

where is the suprascapular n.?

A

branches off the upper trunk

191
Q

what does the suprascapular n. inn.?

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

192
Q

where is the medial pectoral n.?

A

branches off the medial cord

193
Q

what does the medial pectoral n. inn.?

A

pectoralis major and minor

194
Q

where is the lateral pectoral n.?

A

branches off the lateral cord

195
Q

what does the lateral pectoral n. inn.?

A

pectoralis major

196
Q

where is the upper subscapular n.?

A

branches off the posterior cord

197
Q

what does the upper subscapular n. inn.?

A

subscapularis

198
Q

where is the thoracodorsal n.?

A

branches off the posterior cord

199
Q

what does the thoracodorsal n. inn.?

A

latissimus dorsi

200
Q

where is the lower subscapular n.?

A

branches off the posterior cord

201
Q

what does the lower subscapular n. inn.?

A

subscapularis and teres major

202
Q

what is the blood supply in the right UL?

A 
left ventricle 
ascending aorta 
arch of the aorta 
brachiocephalic trunk (artery)
right subclavian a.
203
Q

what is the blood supply in the left UL?

A

left ventricle
ascending aorta
arch of the aorta
left subclavian a.

204
Q

what are the ABC’s of the aorta?

A

arch of aorta
brachicephalic a.
left carotid
left subclavian

205
Q

what are the major branches of the axillary a.?

A 
thoracoacromial a.
lateral thoracic a.
subscapular a.
anterior circumflex humeral a.
posterior circumflex humeral a.
206
Q

what are the branches of the subscapular a.?

A

circumflex scapular a.

thoracodorsal a.

207
Q

what are the major branch of the brachial a.?

A

deep brachial a.

208
Q

how does the brachial a. terminate?

A

radial and ulnar aa.

209
Q

what are the superficial veins of the UL?

A

cephalic v.
basilic v.
median cubital v.

210
Q

where does the cephalic v. open?

A

axillary v.

211
Q

what does the basilic v. do?

A

help form axillary v.

212
Q

what does the median cubital v. do?

A

connects basilic and cephalic vv.

213
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation?

A

trapezius (superior)
medial border of the scapula (lateral)
latissimus dorsi

214
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangular space?

A 
teres minor (superior)
trees major (inferior)
long head of triceps brachii (lateral)
215
Q

what are the contents of the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular vessels

216
Q

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

A 
teres minor (superior)
teres major (inferior)
long head of triceps brachii (medial)
shaft of the humerus (lateral)
217
Q

what are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

posterior circumflex vessels

axillary n.

218
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

pronator teres (medial)
brachioradialis (lateral)
line between epicondyles of humerus (superior)
brachialis and supinator (floor)

219
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A 
biceps brachii tendon (lateral) 
brachial artery (middle)
median nerve (medial)
220
Q

what is superficial to the cubital fossa contents?

A

median cubital v.

221
Q

what are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

abductor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon (anterior)
extensor pollicis longus tendon (posterior)

222
Q

what are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

radial a.

223
Q

what causes a herniated disc?

A

rupture of the annulus fibrosus portion of the intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus “leaks” posterior-lateral and can compress nerve

224
Q

patient has “winged scapula” meaning the medial border of the scapula protrudes from their back when asked to protract. damage to what causes this?

A

long thoracic n.

225
Q

patient will present with atrophy of the deltoid muscle and unable abduct their arm beyond 15°. damage to what causes this?

A

axillary n.

226
Q

what is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

9 tendons

  • 4: flexor digitorum superficialis
  • 4: flexor digitorum profundus
  • 1: flexor pollicis longus

1 nerve
- median n.

227
Q

what causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

inflammation of the tunnel. median n. is compressed causing pain, numbness, and weakness in the thenar eminence

228
Q

patient has “claw hand” when asked to straighten their fingers. damage to what causes this?

A

ulnar n.

229
Q

patient has “wrist drop” meaning their hand is constantly in the flexed position. damage to what causes this?

A

radial n.

Anatomy 3300 (3 decks)

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