Unit 4 Flashcards
What is the nervous system made up of
brain
spinal cord
and nerves
which system of the body does it connect with
endocrine system
what does CNS mean and do
Central nervous system
- centre for incoming and outgoing information
- consisted of the brain and spinal cord
what does PNS mean and do
peripheral nervous system
- sensory neurons that carry the information TO THE CNS
- AND motos neurons that carry information AWAY FROM CNS
somatic vs autonomic
somatic: control muscles, bones, skin (voluntary)
autonomic: internal organs (involuntary)
sympathetic vs parasympathetic
sympathetic: stress (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic: rest ( rest or digest )
Neurons vs Glial Cells
Neurons: basic structural and functional unit.
- respond to stimulis, signals, chemicals
- DOES MOST WORK
Glial Cells: Most importwnt is SCHWANN CELLS. More glial cells than neurons
- they support, defend, and nourish neurons
Structure of a neuron. name 6
- Dendrites
- axon
- axon bulb
- cell body
- glial cell schwann cell
- nodes of ranvier
dendrites
- short branch terminals
- RECEIVE impulses from other neurons or sensory neurons, or impulse
cell body (soma)
- contains the nucleus, side of metabolic reactions
axon and axon bulbs
- conducts impulse AWAY from the cell body
myelin sheat what does it do
- protects neurons that are myelinated
- speeds up rate of transmission
shwann cells
- glial cells
- wrapped around the axon
nodes of ranvier
- area between the sections of myelin sheath
neurilemma
- thin membrane around axon
- helps fix neurons that are damaged
- found in PNS
grey vs white myelinate
white is yes myelin ex) inside the brain
grey is no myelin ex) cerebrum cortex/outside of brain
3 types of neurons. does it have schwann cells or no
- Sensory. yes schwann
- Interneuron. no schwann
- Motor. yes schwann
describe the action potential
- Resting/ Polarized: -70 beginning
- Depolarization: +40
- Na+ enters the cytoplasm - Repolarization: -90
- K+ leaves the cytoplasm and go to the extracellular
what is a sodium potassium pump
- in the resting part of action potential
- when the cytoplasm is -90 it needs to go back to -70 which is restarting
- so the pomp is used to bring it back
what is acetylcholine
- excites muscle cells causing depolarization
- when the cytoplasm becomes positive
- spike up
cholinesterase
- enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
- prevents overstimulation
name 4 important hormones and its use
- dopamine: pleasure, feelings
- serotonin: mood, apetite
- endorphins: painkillers, pleasure
- norepinephrine: attention, arousal, adrenaline
stimulants vs depressants
stimulants: allows more neurotransmitter
depressants: less neurotransmitters
cerebrospinal fluid
- fluid in the head that protects the brain
- made in the lateral ventricle of the brain
- protect, lubricate, and absorb
3 regions of the brain
- hindbrain (behind)
- midbrain (middle)
- forebrain (front/top)
cerebellum
control muscle coordination and balance
medulla oblongata
controls involuntary activities
pons
helps send info between cerebellum and cerebral cortex
- manages pain signal
midbrain
- receives sensorys
- connects hindbrain to forebrain
thalamus
- connects parts of the brain
- relays infos from senses
hypothalamus
- hormones
- control HR, BP, TEMP, hunger, thirst, sexual desire
- pituitary gland (produces hormones)
frontal lobes
- thought, intelligence, memory, personality, voluntary muscle movement
- BRONCAS AREA ( to talk, muscles for talking, translate thoughts and speech
temporal lobes
- temple
- hearing, understanding, smelling
- WERNICKES AREA (stores language information and comprehension)
BRONCAS AREA where
- frontal lobe
( to talk, muscles for talking, translate thoughts and speech
wernickes area where
- temporal
(stores language information and comprehension)
parietal lobes
- sensory information from skin
- body positions
occipital lobes
- translating visual image or information
corpus callosum
- nerves that connect the left and the right
autonomic nerves
- involuntary nerves
what controls the autonomic system
hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
sympathetic nervous system
- fight or flight
- active stress response
- triggers adrenal glands to release hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine
parasympathetic
- body is calm and resting
- rest or digest
- ex) slowing HR, BP, promotes digestion
- uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to control organ responses - stimulating so that it can be more calm
dopamine
pleasure, feelings
serotonin
. serotonin: mood, apetite
endorphins
. endorphins: painkillers, pleasure
norepinephrine
: attention, arousal, adrenaline
what does neurotransmitters do
carry signals or messages from one neuron to another
