Chapter 17

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

• combination of alleles and individual has (letters)

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

• Physical observed form

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

• 2 identical alleles (GG, gg)

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

• 2 different alleles (Gg, gG)

Question 5

Test cross

Answer 5

• cross between individuals with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive function to determine the genotype of an unknown individual

Question 6

selective breeding

Answer 6

• began by choosing and breeding plants and animals for specific features nd behaviours

Question 7

true breeding

Answer 7

• same characteristics through every generation due to self pollination
• homozygous

Question 8

For dihybrid crosses what is rhe expected F2 ratio genotype

Answer 8

• 9:3:3:1

Question 9

incomplete dominance

Answer 9

• neither of the alleles are dominant and can blend together
  ex) colors
  R1R1= red
  R2R2 = white
  R1R2 = pink

Question 10

codominance

Answer 10

• both traits fully expressed
• cow with white and brown skin

Question 11

sex linked inheritance

Answer 11

• located on X or Y

Question 12

In Y-linked who can pass it to each kther

Answer 12

• father to son only bcs Y is only for men

Question 13

Barr bodies

Answer 13

• Inactive X is called bare body
• men do not have it bcs they only have one X chrosmosome

Question 14

multiple alleles

Answer 14

• gene with more than 2 alleles
  -ex) blood types, A, B, AB, O

Question 15

gene chromosome theory

Answer 15

• genes exist at specific parts of chromosomes

Question 16

when does crossing over occur

Answer 16

• prophase I
• the greater the distance is between linked genes the more they are likely to crossover

Question 17

• notes abt recombinant frequency

Answer 17

• calculate those that are different from Parents (P) generation/ different genes from parents
• (#+#)/total # of offspring. then x100

Question 18

transgenic organism

Answer 18

• genetic material includes DNA from different species. Used for medicine to modify things

Question 19

autosomes

Answer 19

• chromosomes other than sex chromosomes

Question 20

When dealing with sex linked trait what letter do we use to represent the alleles

Answer 20

• X or Y
• bcs they r the sex chromosomes

Question 21

whats the letters for blood

Answer 21

• IaIa= A
• IbIb= B
  IaIb = AB
• ii= O

Question 22

Law or Segregation

Answer 22

• happens in monohybrid
• two individuals will form by taking one copy from each other

Question 23

law of independent assortment

Answer 23

• happens in dihybrid
• many alleles of different genes (ex:hair and eye) assort independently with another allele but happen together
• only happens in true breeding (two homozygous:
  ex) TTGG x ttgg
• thus having more than two traits in dihybrid crosses