unit 4 Flashcards
What political party did Thomas Jefferson belong to?
Democratic-Republican
What was the Revolution of 1800?
The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans when Jefferson won the presidency.
What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
Established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
In 1803, the U.S. bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling its size.
Who were Lewis and Clark?
Explorers who mapped the northern Louisiana Territory and established diplomatic relations with Native American tribes.
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
Q: What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
A: A law that stopped American ships from trading with foreign nations, which hurt the U.S. economy more than Britain or France.
What were the main causes of the War of 1812?
British impressment of American sailors and British support for Native American attacks on settlers.
Who were the War Hawks?
Members of Congress who advocated for war against Britain to defend American honor and expansion.
What was the Hartford Convention?
A meeting of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 and discussed secession.
What was the Treaty of Ghent (1814)?
The treaty that ended the War of 1812 without addressing issues like impressment.
What was the impact of the War of 1812?
Increased nationalism, the demise of the Federalist Party, and recognition of the need for stronger infrastructure.
What was Henry Clay’s American System?
A plan to strengthen the economy through a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.
What was the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
A law admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state while banning slavery north of the 36°30’ line.
What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?
A policy stating that European nations should not interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
What was the Market Revolution?
A shift from agrarian to capitalist society due to advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation.
Name two major transportation innovations of the early 19th century.
A: Steamboats and railroads.
What was the Erie Canal?
A man-made waterway that connected western farms with eastern manufacturing, boosting trade and economic growth.
What was the impact of the cotton gin?
Increased cotton production and strengthened the institution of slavery in the South.
What was the Lowell Factory System?
A factory system that employed young women under strict supervision in textile mills.
What caused the rise of nativism in the 1830s and 1840s?
Increased immigration, especially from Ireland and Germany.
What was the Cult of Domesticity?
The belief that women’s roles were centered on home and family, reinforcing gender roles.
