Unit 3

Question 1

What was the Seven Years’ War also known as?

Answer 1

The French and Indian War.

Question 2

Who were the main opponents in the Seven Years’ War?

Answer 2

British vs French and Indians.

Question 3

What caused the French and Indian War to begin?

Answer 3

Territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley.

Question 4

What year did the French and Indian War begin?

Answer 4

1754.

Question 5

Who was sent to warn the French about encroaching on British territory?

Answer 5

George Washington.

Question 6

What was the Albany Plan of Union?

Answer 6

A proposal by Ben Franklin for a council of representatives to address colonial issues.

Question 7

What was the outcome of the Albany Plan of Union?

Answer 7

It was rejected due to concerns over taxation.

Question 8

When did the Seven Years’ War officially begin?

Answer 8

1756.

Question 9

What were two main consequences of the French and Indian War?

Answer 9

Pushed colonists westward and increased British national debt.

Question 10

What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?

Answer 10

It forbade colonists from migrating west past the Appalachian mountains.

Question 11

What was the significance of ‘taxation without representation’?

Answer 11

It sparked debate over the right to impose taxes on colonists without their representation in Parliament.

Question 12

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act?

Answer 12

To impose taxes on luxury items and enforce existing taxes on molasses.

Question 13

What did the Stamp Act tax?

Answer 13

All paper items produced in the colonies.

Question 14

What was the Boston Massacre?

Answer 14

An incident where British soldiers shot and killed colonists during a confrontation.

Question 15

What was the Boston Tea Party?

Answer 15

A protest where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor.

Question 16

What were the Intolerable Acts?

Answer 16

Laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonies, including closing Boston Harbor.

Question 17

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

Answer 17

A final attempt by the colonists to avoid war with Britain.

Question 18

Who wrote ‘Common Sense’?

Answer 18

Thomas Paine.

Question 19

What did the Declaration of Independence signify?

Answer 19

The formal declaration of independence from Britain.

Question 20

What was the outcome of the Battle of Saratoga?

Answer 20

It was a major turning point that helped secure French support for the Americans.

Question 21

What did the Paris Peace Treaty of 1783 accomplish?

Answer 21

It recognized America as an independent nation.

Question 22

What were the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 22

The first constitution of the United States, establishing a weak central government.

Question 23

What was Shays’s Rebellion?

Answer 23

An uprising of Revolutionary War veterans demanding relief from debt.

Question 24

What was the Constitutional Convention?

Answer 24

A meeting in 1787 to create a new Constitution due to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Question 25

What was the Great Compromise?

Answer 25

An agreement to create a bicameral legislature combining the Virginia and New Jersey Plans.

Question 26

What is the Electoral College?

Answer 26

A body of representatives that formally elects the president and vice president.

Question 27

What were the Federalist Papers?

Answer 27

Essays written to promote the ratification of the Constitution.

Question 28

What was the outcome of the ratification debate?

Answer 28

The Constitution was ratified by 9 states in mid-1788.

Question 29

Who encouraged states to ratify the Constitution?

Answer 29

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Hay encouraged states to ratify the Constitution.

Question 30

What did the Anti-Federalists believe?

Answer 30

Anti-Federalists were against ratification, believing the federal government would grow too strong and that the Constitution lacked protection for individual liberties (no Bill of Rights).

Question 31

How did the Federalists win the ratification debate?

Answer 31

The Federalists won by agreeing to add the Bill of Rights once the Constitution was ratified.

Question 32

When was the Constitution ratified?

Answer 32

The Constitution was ratified by 9 states in mid-1788.

Question 33

What is federalism?

Answer 33

Federalism is the sharing of power between the national government and the state government.

Question 34

What does the Supremacy Clause state?

Answer 34

The Supremacy Clause in Article VI states that federal law is superior to state law, but only enumerated powers of Congress fall under this category.

Question 35

What does the 10th Amendment stipulate?

Answer 35

The 10th Amendment stipulates that all powers not given to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people.

Question 36

What is the separation of powers?

Answer 36

The Constitution provides for a separation of powers between the three branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial) with checks and balances.

Question 37

Who was the first president of the United States?

Answer 37

George Washington was unanimously elected as the first president of the United States.

Question 38

What did Washington establish during his presidency?

Answer 38

Washington established the cabinet composed of four executive departments: Treasury, War, State, and Justice.

Question 39

What was Alexander Hamilton's role?

Answer 39

Alexander Hamilton served as Washington’s secretary of the treasury and established a National Bank.

Question 40

What was the purpose of the National Bank?

Answer 40

The National Bank aimed to unify the states and improve the credit of US states by absorbing state debts from the Revolutionary War.

Question 41

What was the Proclamation of Neutrality?

Answer 41

In response to the French Revolution, the US issued a Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793.

Question 42

What was the Citizen Genet Affair?

Answer 42

Edmond Genet, France’s diplomat to the US, appealed directly to the people for support, leading to his ejection from the country.

Question 43

What was the outcome of Jay's Treaty?

Answer 43

Jay's Treaty resulted in Britain agreeing to give up its posts on the western frontier of American territory.

Question 44

What did Pinckney's Treaty accomplish?

Answer 44

Pinckney's Treaty allowed the US to use the port at New Orleans for trade along the Mississippi.

Question 45

What led to the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

Answer 45

American expansion into the Ohio River Valley led to conflicts with natives and rumors of British support for them.

Question 46

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 46

The Whiskey Rebellion was a response to a tax on whiskey that poor western farmers opposed, leading to Washington quelling the rebellion with the US army.

Question 47

What characterized the emergence of a two-party political system?

Answer 47

The two-party system included Federalists led by Hamilton and Democratic Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison.

Question 48

What was Washington's two-term precedent?

Answer 48

Washington stepped down after two terms, setting a two-term precedent that lasted until FDR.

Question 49

What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?

Answer 49

Washington warned against the dangers of factions and entangling alliances.

Question 50

Who became the 2nd US President?

Answer 50

John Adams became the 2nd US President in 1796.

Question 51

What was the XYZ Affair?

Answer 51

The XYZ Affair involved three Frenchmen demanding a bribe from US officials, sparking outrage.

Question 52

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Answer 52

The Alien Acts allowed imprisonment or deportation of non-citizens, and the Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the government.

Question 53

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

Answer 53

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions stated that states could nullify federal laws if they violated the Constitution.

Question 54

What is Republican Motherhood?

Answer 54

Republican Motherhood emphasized that women needed to be educated on democracy to raise informed sons.

Question 55

How did early American identity reflect in art and literature?

Answer 55

Early American identity was reflected in art and literature influenced by European styles, such as Peale's portrait of Washington and Trumbull's historical paintings.

Question 56

What was the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

Answer 56

The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom defined the separation between church and state, arguing against forced support of churches.