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AP US HISTORY UNIT 1-3 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Seven Years’ War also known as?

A

The French and Indian War.

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2
Q

Who were the main opponents in the Seven Years’ War?

A

British vs French and Indians.

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3
Q

What caused the French and Indian War to begin?

A

Territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley.

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4
Q

What year did the French and Indian War begin?

A

1754.

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5
Q

Who was sent to warn the French about encroaching on British territory?

A

George Washington.

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6
Q

What was the Albany Plan of Union?

A

A proposal by Ben Franklin for a council of representatives to address colonial issues.

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7
Q

What was the outcome of the Albany Plan of Union?

A

It was rejected due to concerns over taxation.

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8
Q

When did the Seven Years’ War officially begin?

A

1756.

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9
Q

What were two main consequences of the French and Indian War?

A

Pushed colonists westward and increased British national debt.

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10
Q

What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?

A

It forbade colonists from migrating west past the Appalachian mountains.

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11
Q

What was the significance of ‘taxation without representation’?

A

It sparked debate over the right to impose taxes on colonists without their representation in Parliament.

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12
Q

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act?

A

To impose taxes on luxury items and enforce existing taxes on molasses.

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13
Q

What did the Stamp Act tax?

A

All paper items produced in the colonies.

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14
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

An incident where British soldiers shot and killed colonists during a confrontation.

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15
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

A protest where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor.

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16
Q

What were the Intolerable Acts?

A

Laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonies, including closing Boston Harbor.

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17
Q

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A

A final attempt by the colonists to avoid war with Britain.

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18
Q

Who wrote ‘Common Sense’?

A

Thomas Paine.

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19
Q

What did the Declaration of Independence signify?

A

The formal declaration of independence from Britain.

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20
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Saratoga?

A

It was a major turning point that helped secure French support for the Americans.

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21
Q

What did the Paris Peace Treaty of 1783 accomplish?

A

It recognized America as an independent nation.

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22
Q

What were the Articles of Confederation?

A

The first constitution of the United States, establishing a weak central government.

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23
Q

What was Shays’s Rebellion?

A

An uprising of Revolutionary War veterans demanding relief from debt.

24
Q

What was the Constitutional Convention?

A

A meeting in 1787 to create a new Constitution due to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

25
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A

An agreement to create a bicameral legislature combining the Virginia and New Jersey Plans.

26
Q

What is the Electoral College?

A

A body of representatives that formally elects the president and vice president.

27
Q

What were the Federalist Papers?

A

Essays written to promote the ratification of the Constitution.

28
Q

What was the outcome of the ratification debate?

A

The Constitution was ratified by 9 states in mid-1788.

29
Q

Who encouraged states to ratify the Constitution?

A

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Hay encouraged states to ratify the Constitution.

30
Q

What did the Anti-Federalists believe?

A

Anti-Federalists were against ratification, believing the federal government would grow too strong and that the Constitution lacked protection for individual liberties (no Bill of Rights).

31
Q

How did the Federalists win the ratification debate?

A

The Federalists won by agreeing to add the Bill of Rights once the Constitution was ratified.

32
Q

When was the Constitution ratified?

A

The Constitution was ratified by 9 states in mid-1788.

33
Q

What is federalism?

A

Federalism is the sharing of power between the national government and the state government.

34
Q

What does the Supremacy Clause state?

A

The Supremacy Clause in Article VI states that federal law is superior to state law, but only enumerated powers of Congress fall under this category.

35
Q

What does the 10th Amendment stipulate?

A

The 10th Amendment stipulates that all powers not given to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people.

36
Q

What is the separation of powers?

A

The Constitution provides for a separation of powers between the three branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial) with checks and balances.

37
Q

Who was the first president of the United States?

A

George Washington was unanimously elected as the first president of the United States.

38
Q

What did Washington establish during his presidency?

A

Washington established the cabinet composed of four executive departments: Treasury, War, State, and Justice.

39
Q

What was Alexander Hamilton’s role?

A

Alexander Hamilton served as Washington’s secretary of the treasury and established a National Bank.

40
Q

What was the purpose of the National Bank?

A

The National Bank aimed to unify the states and improve the credit of US states by absorbing state debts from the Revolutionary War.

41
Q

What was the Proclamation of Neutrality?

A

In response to the French Revolution, the US issued a Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793.

42
Q

What was the Citizen Genet Affair?

A

Edmond Genet, France’s diplomat to the US, appealed directly to the people for support, leading to his ejection from the country.

43
Q

What was the outcome of Jay’s Treaty?

A

Jay’s Treaty resulted in Britain agreeing to give up its posts on the western frontier of American territory.

44
Q

What did Pinckney’s Treaty accomplish?

A

Pinckney’s Treaty allowed the US to use the port at New Orleans for trade along the Mississippi.

45
Q

What led to the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

A

American expansion into the Ohio River Valley led to conflicts with natives and rumors of British support for them.

46
Q

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

The Whiskey Rebellion was a response to a tax on whiskey that poor western farmers opposed, leading to Washington quelling the rebellion with the US army.

47
Q

What characterized the emergence of a two-party political system?

A

The two-party system included Federalists led by Hamilton and Democratic Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison.

48
Q

What was Washington’s two-term precedent?

A

Washington stepped down after two terms, setting a two-term precedent that lasted until FDR.

49
Q

What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?

A

Washington warned against the dangers of factions and entangling alliances.

50
Q

Who became the 2nd US President?

A

John Adams became the 2nd US President in 1796.

51
Q

What was the XYZ Affair?

A

The XYZ Affair involved three Frenchmen demanding a bribe from US officials, sparking outrage.

52
Q

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

The Alien Acts allowed imprisonment or deportation of non-citizens, and the Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the government.

53
Q

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

A

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions stated that states could nullify federal laws if they violated the Constitution.

54
Q

What is Republican Motherhood?

A

Republican Motherhood emphasized that women needed to be educated on democracy to raise informed sons.

55
Q

How did early American identity reflect in art and literature?

A

Early American identity was reflected in art and literature influenced by European styles, such as Peale’s portrait of Washington and Trumbull’s historical paintings.

56
Q

What was the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

A

The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom defined the separation between church and state, arguing against forced support of churches.

AP US HISTORY UNIT 1-3 (3 decks)

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