Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was France’s initial motivation for exploring the Americas in 1524?

A

To find a water route to Asia for trade.

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2
Q

Who established the first permanent French settlement in 1608?

A

Samuel de Champlain in Quebec.

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3
Q

What was the primary French interest in the Americas?

A

Trade (fish and fur) rather than conquest.

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4
Q

What colony did the Dutch establish, and what was its main economic purpose?

A

New Amsterdam (later New York), serving as a trading hub.

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5
Q

Why did the British colonize the Americas?

A

Economic hardship, declining wealth of nobles, and religious freedom.

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6
Q

What crop saved the Chesapeake colony of Jamestown?

A

Tobacco.

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7
Q

What was Bacon’s Rebellion, and why did it occur?

A

A 1676 uprising against native raids and Governor Berkeley’s neglect, highlighting tensions between settlers and elites.

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8
Q

Why did New England colonists primarily come to America?

A

For religious freedom and to establish a farming-based family life.

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9
Q

What was the primary crop in the British West Indies, and what labor was used?

A

Sugarcane, cultivated by enslaved Africans.

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10
Q

What made the Middle Colonies economically distinct?

A

Their export-oriented economy and religious tolerance (e.g., Pennsylvania founded by William Penn).

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11
Q

What was the Triangular Trade?

A

A trade system where rum was traded for slaves, who were then sold for sugar, which was used to make more rum.

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12
Q

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

A

To restrict colonial trade to benefit England’s economy.

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13
Q

How did the Spanish treat Native Americans compared to the British?

A

The Spanish subjugated and enslaved natives, while the British often expelled them.

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14
Q

What was the Pueblo Revolt of 1610?

A

A Native American uprising against Spanish rule, temporarily expelling the Spanish from the region.

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15
Q

What was Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War)?

A

A conflict between Native Americans and English settlers over land encroachment.

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16
Q

What was chattel slavery?

A

A system where enslaved people were considered property.

17
Q

What event made enslaved labor more appealing than indentured servitude?

A

Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676.

18
Q

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A

A 1739 slave revolt in South Carolina, where slaves killed white settlers and burned plantations.

19
Q

What ideas did John Locke introduce that influenced colonial America?

A

Natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the social contract.

20
Q

What was the Great Awakening?

A

A religious revival emphasizing intense Christian devotion and challenging traditional authority.

21
Q

Who were two major figures of the Great Awakening?

A

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.

22
Q

What was anglicanization in the colonies?

A

The process of becoming more British-like in culture and governance.