unit 4 Flashcards
What is the main aim of the Crime Control model?
Repression of crime to ensure a free society. Emphasizes expanded police powers, presuming guilt, and removing legal technicalities.
What analogy is used for the Crime Control model?
An ‘assembly line’ or ‘conveyor belt’ for swift processing of cases.
What is a key belief of the Due Process model?
The greatest threat to a free society is the state’s power, so the rights of defendants must be safeguarded.
What is the presumption of the Due Process model?
Presumption of innocence until proven guilty, with investigations acting as legal obstacles.
What theory aligns with the Crime Control model?
Right realism.
What theory aligns with the Due Process model?
Left realism.
What is internal social control?
Regulation of one’s own behavior based on accepted social norms.
What is rational ideology in internal social control?
The belief that the laws of the land are proper and correct, often instilled through feelings of guilt or anxiety.
How does tradition act as a form of internal social control?
Through religion or culture, e.g., not eating meat on Good Friday, shaping behavior through socialization.
What is internalization of social rules?
When external rules become internal values, e.g., seeing queue jumping as wrong due to societal norms.
How do police contribute to external social control?
By enforcing conformity through stop, search, arrest, and detention.
What does PACE 1984 regulate?
Police powers for stop, search, arrest, and detention to ensure lawful enforcement.
What role does coercion play in external social control?
Force, whether physical or non-violent, is used to achieve conformity. Examples include imprisonment or boycotts.
How does fear of punishment act as social control?
Deterrence prevents reoffending, with individual deterrence targeting the offender and general deterrence discouraging others.
What is the role of the CPS in social control?
To charge and prosecute suspects, ensuring conformity through legal processes.
What is the aim of retribution?
Punishment is deserved and proportionate to the offense, often expressed as ‘an eye for an eye.’
How does retribution relate to behavior affecting the public?
Serious offenses like death by dangerous driving result in harsher sentences to reflect societal harm.
What is the aim of rehabilitation?
Forward-looking to alter behavior, reduce reoffending, and reintroduce offenders into society.
What methods are used in rehabilitation?
Community sentences, education, drug treatments, and anger management programs.
What is a criticism of rehabilitation?
High reoffending rates (48% within a year) suggest limited success in altering behavior.
What is the aim of deterrence?
To prevent crime by instilling fear of punishment in both individuals (individual deterrence) and the public (general deterrence).
What is the effectiveness of deterrence through fines?
Often limited, as many fines are written off (61% in 2019), reducing their impact as a deterrent.
How does punishment serve public protection?
By incapacitating offenders, such as through imprisonment, tagging, or parole restrictions.
What is an example of public protection through custodial sentences?
Indeterminate sentences ensure dangerous criminals remain detained until no longer a threat.
