Unit 4

Question 1

Who was our nation’s first president?

Answer 1

George Washington

Question 2

When did he take first take office?

Answer 2

1789

Question 3

What plethora (a lot) of issues did Washington?

Answer 3

-Define authority of the central government (what a government does)
-Pay off war debt (owe money)
-Create stable economic system
-Build military
-Maintain national security
-Set up court system

Question 4

What did Washington do to set up a precedent for future presidents?

Answer 4

-Use of domestic force (used military)
-Executive Cabinet (group of advisors)
-2 term limit (8 years in office)
-Proclamation of Neutrality (not taking any sides)

Question 5

What was Washington’s biggest problem when he took office?

Answer 5

-The nation was deeply in debt (to owe money)

Question 6

Who was Secretary of Treasury (works with congress on money) at the time?

Answer 6

-Alexander Hamilton

Question 7

What plan did Hamilton come up with, why, and what did it consist of?

Answer 7

-Hamilton came up with Hamilton’s Financial Plan to help the U.S. financially.
It consisted of the following main points:
-Repay the debt
-Establish a national bank
-Create a protective tariff (tax)

Question 8

What did Hamilton do to help the U.S. make money?

Answer 8

-He placed a tax on whiskey.

Question 9

What effect did the tax have?

Answer 9

-Many farmers who made the whiskey did not have cash to pay the tax.

Question 10

What did the farmers do in response to the tax?

Answer 10

-The farmers protested.

Question 11

What did Washington do to stop the farmers protest?

Answer 11

-Washington sent the army to restore order. (unlike Shay’s Rebellion)

Question 12

What did Washington write when he retired as president?

Answer 12

-Washington wrote a letter to the American people.

Question 13

What was the name of the letter he wrote?

Answer 13

-Farewell Address (goodbye talk).

Question 14

What did he warn the people against in the Farewell Address?

Answer 14

-Political Parties
-Permanent foreign alliances (long-term other country partnership)

Question 15

What is a political party?

Answer 15

-A group of people that have similar ideas of how government should be run.

Question 16

Why were the first political parties formed?

Answer 16

-Because of arguments between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.

Question 17

Why did they disagree with each other?

Answer 17

-Mainly over the power of the federal government.

Question 18

Who was the leader of the Federalist Party?

Answer 18

-Alexander Hamilton

Question 19

What did Hamilton want as the leader of the federalist party?

Answer 19

-Strong federal government
-Emphasis on manufacturing
-Rule by wealth/educated
-Pro-British
-Loose interpretation of the constitution
-National Bank
-Protective tariff (tax on imported goods to protect American products)

Question 20

Who was the leader of the Democrat-Republican Party?

Answer 20

-Thomas Jefferson

Question 21

What did Jefferson want as the leader of the Democrat-Republican Party?

Answer 21

-Strong state right’s
-Emphasis on agriculture (farms)
-Rule by the people
-Pro-French
-State banks
-Strict interpretation of constitution
-Free trade

Question 22

Who was elected as the second president of the U.S. and what political party did he support?

Answer 22

-John Adams was the second president of the U.S. and was a federalist.

Question 23

What did was France doing during Adams first term?

Answer 23

-France was capturing American ships going to Britain.

Question 24

How did Adams try to resolve the France’s attacks on U.S. ships and what was this called?

Answer 24

-He sent delegates (representatives) to France to try and talk through the problems but France refused to listen- the XYZ Affair.

Question 25

What did Adams political party want to him to do during the XYZ Affair?

Answer 25

-Declare war

Question 26

What did Adams think was best for the country during the XYZ Affair?

Answer 26

-Not declare war or get involved in a war.

Question 27

What was the Alien (person from another country) Act?

Answer 27

-Allowed the president to imprison (throw in jail) aliens (people from other countries) he thought were dangerous.

Question 28

What was the Sedition (criticize government) Act?

Answer 28

-Made it a crime to criticize the U.S. government (violating the 1st amendment, more specifically, freedom of speech and freedom of press).
-This was against the constitution.

Question 29

Who helped write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

Answer 29

-Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Question 30

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

Answer 30

-Claimed the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and would be nullified (to cancel).

Question 31

Who beat who as third president of the U.S. and what political party did he support?

Answer 31

-Thomas Jefferson beat Adams as the 3rd president and he was a Republican.

Question 32

What is the Revolution of 1800?

Answer 32

-The changing of the presidency from one political party to another without violence.

Question 33

What did Thomas Jefferson do once in office?

Answer 33

-Reduced the size of the military.
-Reduced the spending of the government.
-Believed in the free enterprise system which kept the government out of the people’s economic business.

Question 34

What were the effects of his first actions in office?

Answer 34

-less taxes, and more money

Question 35

What did Adams do before he left office?

Answer 35

-He had given government jobs to other Federalists.

Question 36

Who was Secretary of State during Thomas Jefferson’s first term of presidency?

Answer 36

-James Madison

Question 37

Once in power, what did Thomas Jefferson order James Madison to do?

Answer 37

-Jefferson ordered Madison to not deliver the letter that informed Marbury of his new job as a judge.

Question 38

What was ruled in the case of