Unit 1 Flashcards
Exploration and Colonization
When did Marco Polo go to Asia?
1300
What did Marco Polo bring back from his trip to Asia?
He brought back items to sell for a huge profit (a lot of money).
How did Marco Polo affect other merchants (seller)?
Later, merchants traveled to Asia and back in hopes of making a fortune like Marco Polo.
What was the effect of Marco Polo’s success?
After’s Marco Polo’s success, explorers began looking for quicker routes to Asia by water.
Why did the Europeans explore?
-To become wealthier
-To share their religion
-To have a larger empire than rival countries
In simpler terms:
Europeans explored:
-economic
-religion
-political
How did mapmakers improve their skills?
-Mapmakers improved their skills to make more accurate maps with lines of latitude (north and south).
What is an astrolabe?
Sailors used an astrolabe to help them use the stars to navigate.
What is a caravel for?
A ship called a “caravel” allowed explorers to sail into the wind.
Why did Columbus sail west from Europe?
Columbus believed the world was round, and if sailed west, he would reach Asia.
In 1492, where did Columbus think he landed in and what did he call the people who lived there?
In 1492, Columbus landed in what he thought was India, and called the people there Indians.
What did Columbus discover in 1492?
Later, Columbus realized that he had really discovered a “New World” (North and South America).
What were the soldiers Spain sent to the “new world” called?
Conquistadors
Why did Spain send Conquistadors to the “new world.”
Spain sent soldiers (conquistadors) to the “new world” (North and South America) to take land and look for gold.
What did Hernan Cortez do?
Hernan Cortez conquered (to take over) the Aztec People in Mexico.
What did Francisco Pizzaro do?
Francisco Pizzaro conquered the Incan empire in South America.
What was New Spain?
Spain controlled much of North and South America calling it New Spain.
What present-day states were part of the New Spain territory?
Spain’s territory included present day California, Texas, and Florida.
What were the purpose of the missions the Spaniards had built?
Some Spaniards built missions to convert (to change) Native Americans to Christianity.
What did some Spaniards force Natives to do?
Other Spaniards forced Natives to dig for gold.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Food, animals, and diseases were also being shared by Europe, Africa, and the New World in what was called the Columbian Exchange.
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange?
The impact of the Columbian Exchange were the diseases, that killed Native Americans.
Who grew in wealth (lot of money) and in power because of the “New Spain?”
Catholic Spain
What did Catholic Spain’s growth of power and wealth inspire who to do?
Because of this, other countries wanted to start their own colonies (settlements).
Who started to claim land in North America to start colonies?
The English, French, Dutch, and Netherlands soon started to claim land in North America to start colonies.
Why did the French claim land in North America?
The French were there to fur trade.
Who established the 13 colonies and where did they establish it?
The country of Great Britain (England) established 13 colonies along the Atlantic Ocean in North America.
Why were the 13 colonies established?
These colonies were established for economic, religious, and political reasons.
Who established the settlement of Jamestown and when?
In 1607, the settlement of Jamestown was established by the Virginia Company of London (England, Britain).
What were the settlers of Jamestown looking for?
The settlers came looking for gold but found none (economic).
Why did Jamestown prosper?
After a rough start, Jamestown later prospered (to do good) thanks to the leadership of Captain John Smith and the success of growing tobacco (economic).
Who founded the colony of Plymouth and when?
In 1620, the colony of Plymouth was founded by the Pilgrims.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the pilgrims that established self-government (agreement).
Why did the pilgrims found the colony of Plymouth?
The Pilgrims were Christians (religious) who came to America to escape persecution (bullied) in Britain.
How do the settlements of Plymouth and Jamestown differ?
The settlement of Plymouth was for religious reasons, while the settlement of Jamestown was for economic reasons.
Why was the colony of Massachusetts settled?
The colony of Massachusetts was settled for religious reasons.
How was the climate of New England like?
Rocky soil, long winters (lot of snow), and cold temperatures.
How did the climate of New England effect settlers?
The climate forced settlers to have small farms.
How did settlers work in New England for a living?
Other settlers fished for a living while some built ships out of the lumber available.
What was the Triangular Trade?
Settlers in the New England region also traded in what was called the Triangular Trade between America, Europe, and Africa.
What were two major industries in the New England economy?
Lumbering and fishing
Why were most of the major cities in the New England colonies established in harbors?
Major cities in New England were established along the harbors so they could trade.
Who started the colony of Rhode Island and why?
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson left Massachusetts to start the colony of Rhode Island based on the idea of religious toleration (accepting of all religions).
-New England
Who established the colony of Connecticut and what set of rules governed this colony?
Thomas Hooker established the colony of Connecticut which was governed by a set of rules called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1st Constitution).
-New England
Where were the Middle colonies located?
Located between the New England (north) and Southern Colonies.
How was the climate of Middle colonies?
The soil was good and a moderate(middle) growing season allowed for large grain farms (wheat and rice).
What were most settlements in the Middle colonies?
Most settlements in this region were average size farms.
Who founded the colony of Pennsylvania and why?
The colony of Pennsylvania was established by William Penn as a haven (safe place) for Quakers (religious group) (first anti-slavery group).
-Middle Colonies
Who founded the colony of New Netherlands, why and what was the outcome?
The colony of New Netherlands turned into New York when Britain sent ships to defeat the Dutch settlers there (religious freedom).
-Middle Colonies
What was the climate in the Southern colonies like, how did this effect their economy?
Fertile soil and a long growing season (a lot of sun) allowed many settlers to plant cash crops (south term) on large farms called (south term).
Where were the settlements and farms of the Southern colonies located and why?
Most settlements and farms were established along water routes to quickly travel and sell crops.
How were slaves shipped to America?
Slaves were infamously shipped to America by the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Who founded the colony of Maryland and why?
The colony of Maryland (Virgin Mary) was founded by Lord Baltimore as a place for European Catholics to escape persecution (picked on).
-Southern Colonies
Why were the colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina established?
The colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina were established for economic (tobacco and cash crops) reasons.
-Southern Colonies
Who established the colony of Georgia and why?
The colony of Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe as a place for debtors (people in debt) and convicts (people in jail) to start a new life.
-Southern Colonies
What is a representative government?
A government made up of people that were chosen (elected) by the residents of their town to represent their beliefs.
What is one reason why colonists started using representative government in their towns and colonies?
Since the colonists were far away from the king of Britain, they decide to make their own rules.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
Mayflower Compact (Pilgrims 1620)- first document to create self-government in America.
What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (Thomas Hoover)- 1st written Constitution (laws) in the colonies.
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?
Virginia House of Burgesses (Jamestown 1607)- first representative legislature (government) in the colonies.
What was the Magma Carta and when what was it made?
In 1215, a document called the Magma Carta forbid (to limit) the king from being all powerful.
What was the British Parliament?
The British Parliament (government) is a group of elected people who help make laws for their country.
What was the English Bill of Rights?
The English Bill of Rights promised certain rights to citizens.
What was the Great Awakening (religious event)?
-This was a time period when preachers like Jonathan Edwards traveled around the colonies preaching to crowds in open fields.
-People were encouraged to read the Bible and ask forgiveness from their sins in order to go in Heaven.
How did the First Great Awakening lead to the growth of representative government?
The teaching that all people were created equal in God’s eyes led to further growth of representative government.
What was Salutary Neglect (cause)?
The British practice of not enforcing the British laws on the colonists.
What was Salutary Neglect (effect)?
This continued practice allowed the colonists to become further steeped in self-government.
Why did Britain allow the colonists to not obey all of the British laws?
Britain allowed the colonists to not obey all the laws because of the distance from Britain.
What is mercantilism?
Economic belief that a country becomes more powerful by having more money.
What was England’s goal by using mercantilism?
England’s goal was to take raw materials from the colonies, make a product, then sell that product to other countries in exchange for gold or silver.
Which nation could the colonies only trade with within the use of mercantilism?
The colonies were also forbidden from trading with nations other than Britain/
