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U.S. History 8th grade > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Exploration and Colonization

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1
Q

When Marco Polo go to Asia?

A

1300

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2
Q

What Marco Polo bring back from his trip to Asia?

A

He brought back items to sell for a huge profit (a lot of money).

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3
Q

How did Marco Polo affect other merchants (seller)?

A

Later, merchants traveled to Asia and back in hopes of making a fortune like Marco Polo.

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4
Q

What was the effect of Marco Polo’s success?

A

After’s Marco Polo’s success, explorers began looking for quicker routes to Asia by water.

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5
Q

Why did the Europeans explore?

A

-To become wealthier
-To share their religion
-To have a larger empire than rival countries
In simpler terms:
Europeans explored:
-economic
-religion
-political

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6
Q

How did mapmakers improve their skills?

A

-Mapmakers improved their skills to make more accurate maps with lines of latitude (north and south).

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7
Q

What is an astrolabe?

A

Sailors used an astrolabe to help them use the stars to navigate.

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8
Q

What is a caravel for?

A

A ship called a “caravel” allowed explorers to sail into the wind.

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9
Q

Why did Columbus sail west from Europe?

A

Columbus believed the world was round, and if sailed west, he would reach Asia.

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10
Q

In 1492, where did Columbus think he landed in and what did he call the people who lived there?

A

In 1492, Columbus landed in what he thought was India, and called the people there Indians.

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11
Q

What did Columbus discover in 1492?

A

Later, Columbus realized that he had really discovered a “New World” (North and South America).

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12
Q

What were the soldiers Spain sent to the “new world” called?

A

Conquistadors

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13
Q

Why did Spain send Conquistadors to the “new world.”

A

Spain sent soldiers (conquistadors) to the “new world” (North and South America) to take land and look for gold.

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14
Q

What did Hernan Cortez do?

A

Hernan Cortez conquered (to take over) the Aztec People in Mexico.

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15
Q

What did Francisco Pizzaro do?

A

Francisco Pizzaro conquered the Incan empire in South America.

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16
Q

What was New Spain?

A

Spain controlled much of North and South America calling it New Spain.

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17
Q

What present-day states were part of the New Spain territory?

A

Spain’s territory included present day California, Texas, and Florida.

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18
Q

What were the purpose of the missions the Spaniards had built?

A

Some Spaniards built missions to convert (to change) Native Americans to Christianity.

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19
Q

What did some Spaniards force Natives to do?

A

Other Spaniards forced Natives to dig for gold.

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20
Q

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A

Food, animals, and diseases were also being shared by Europe, Africa, and the New World in what was called the Columbian Exchange.

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21
Q

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

A

The impact of the Columbian Exchange were the diseases, that killed Native Americans.

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22
Q

Who grew in wealth (lot of money) and in power because of the “New Spain?”

A

Catholic Spain

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23
Q

What did Catholic Spain’s growth of power and wealth inspire who to do?

A

Because of this, other countries wanted to start their own colonies (settlements).

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24
Q

Who started to claim land in North America to start colonies?

A

The English, French, Dutch, and Netherlands soon started to claim land in North America to start colonies.

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25
Q

Why did the French claim land in North America?

A

The French were there to fur trade.

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26
Q

Who established the 13 colonies and where did they establish it?

A

The country of Great Britain (England) established 13 colonies along the Atlantic Ocean in North America.

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27
Q

Why were the 13 colonies established?

A

These colonies were established for economic, religious, and political reasons.

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28
Q

Who established the settlement of Jamestown and when?

A

In 1607, the settlement of Jamestown was established by the Virginia Company of London (England, Britain).

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29
Q

What were the settlers of Jamestown looking for?

A

The settlers came looking for gold but found none (economic).

30
Q

Why did Jamestown prosper?

A

After a rough start, Jamestown later prospered (to do good) thanks to the leadership of Captain John Smith and the success of growing tobacco (economic).

31
Q

Who founded the colony of Plymouth and when?

A

In 1620, the colony of Plymouth was founded by the Pilgrims.

32
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the pilgrims that established self-government (agreement).

33
Q

Why did the pilgrims found the colony of Plymouth?

A

The Pilgrims were Christians (religious) who came to America to escape persecution (bullied) in Britain.

34
Q

How do the settlements of Plymouth and Jamestown differ?

A

The settlement of Plymouth was for religious reasons, while the settlement of Jamestown was for economic reasons.

35
Q

Why was the colony of Massachusetts settled?

A

The colony of Massachusetts was settled for religious reasons.

36
Q

How was the climate of New England like?

A

Rocky soil, long winters (lot of snow), and cold temperatures.

37
Q

How did the climate of New England effect settlers?

A

The climate forced settlers to have small farms.

38
Q

How did settlers work in New England for a living?

A

Other settlers fished for a living while some built ships out of the lumber available.

39
Q

What was the Triangular Trade?

A

Settlers in the New England region also traded in what was called the Triangular Trade between America, Europe, and Africa.

40
Q

What were two major industries in the New England economy?

A

Lumbering and fishing

41
Q

Why were most of the major cities in the New England colonies established in harbors?

A

Major cities in New England were established along the harbors so they could trade.

42
Q

Who started the colony of Rhode Island and why?

A

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson left Massachusetts to start the colony of Rhode Island based on the idea of religious toleration (accepting of all religions).
-New England

43
Q

Who established the colony of Connecticut and what set of rules governed this colony?

A

Thomas Hooker established the colony of Connecticut which was governed by a set of rules called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1st Constitution).
-New England

44
Q

Where were the Middle colonies located?

A

Located between the New England (north) and Southern Colonies.

45
Q

How was the climate of Middle colonies?

A

The soil was good and a moderate(middle) growing season allowed for large grain farms (wheat and rice).

46
Q

What were most settlements in the Middle colonies?

A

Most settlements in this region were average size farms.

47
Q

Who founded the colony of Pennsylvania and why?

A

The colony of Pennsylvania was established by William Penn as a haven (safe place) for Quakers (religious group) (first anti-slavery group).
-Middle Colonies

48
Q

Who founded the colony of New Netherlands, why and what was the outcome?

A

The colony of New Netherlands turned into New York when Britain sent ships to defeat the Dutch settlers there (religious freedom).
-Middle Colonies

49
Q

What was the climate in the Southern colonies like, how did this effect their economy?

A

Fertile soil and a long growing season (a lot of sun) allowed many settlers to plant cash crops (south term) on large farms called (south term).

50
Q

Where were the settlements and farms of the Southern colonies located and why?

A

Most settlements and farms were established along water routes to quickly travel and sell crops.

51
Q

How were slaves shipped to America?

A

Slaves were infamously shipped to America by the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

52
Q

Who founded the colony of Maryland and why?

A

The colony of Maryland (Virgin Mary) was founded by Lord Baltimore as a place for European Catholics to escape persecution (picked on).
-Southern Colonies

53
Q

Why were the colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina established?

A

The colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina were established for economic (tobacco and cash crops) reasons.
-Southern Colonies

54
Q

Who established the colony of Georgia and why?

A

The colony of Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe as a place for debtors (people in debt) and convicts (people in jail) to start a new life.
-Southern Colonies

55
Q

What is a representative government?

A

A government made up of people that were chosen (elected) by the residents of their town to represent their beliefs.

56
Q

What is one reason why colonists started using representative government in their towns and colonies?

A

Since the colonists were far away from the king of Britain, they decide to make their own rules.

57
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

Mayflower Compact (Pilgrims 1620)- first document to create self-government in America.

58
Q

What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

A

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (Thomas Hoover)- 1st written Constitution (laws) in the colonies.

59
Q

What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?

A

Virginia House of Burgesses (Jamestown 1607)- first representative legislature (government) in the colonies.

60
Q

What was the Magma Carta and when what was it made?

A

In 1215, a document called the Magma Carta forbid (to limit) the king from being all powerful.

61
Q

What was the British Parliament?

A

The British Parliament (government) is a group of elected people who help make laws for their country.

62
Q

What was the English Bill of Rights?

A

The English Bill of Rights promised certain rights to citizens.

63
Q

What was the Great Awakening (religious event)?

A

-This was a time period when preachers like Jonathan Edwards traveled around the colonies preaching to crowds in open fields.
-People were encouraged to read the Bible and ask forgiveness from their sins in order to go in Heaven.

64
Q

How did the First Great Awakening lead to the growth of representative government?

A

The teaching that all people were created equal in God’s eyes led to further growth of representative government.

65
Q

What was Salutary Neglect (cause)?

A

The British practice of not enforcing the British laws on the colonists.

66
Q

What was Salutary Neglect (effect)?

A

This continued practice allowed the colonists to become further steeped in self-government.

67
Q

Why did Britain allow the colonists to not obey all of the British laws?

A

Britain allowed the colonists to not obey all the laws because of the distance from Britain.

68
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

Economic belief that a country becomes more powerful by having more money.

69
Q

What was England’s goal by using mercantilism?

A

England’s goal was to take raw materials from the colonies, make a product, then sell that product to other countries in exchange for gold or silver.

70
Q

Which nation could the colonies only trade with within the use of mercantilism?

A

The colonies were also forbidden from trading with nations other than Britain/

71
Q
A

U.S. History 8th grade (3 decks)

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