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Biology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

plant tissues

A

dermal
vascular
ground
meristematic

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2
Q

dermal tissue

A

protecting inner tissues of plant and other functions related to skin

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3
Q

vascular tissue

A

-transportation of fluids
-xylem cells carry water/minerals up plant, thick walls, support
-phloem cells carry water/sugar up plant

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4
Q

ground tissue

A

capable of photosynthesis, storage, support (select function that best fits example)

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5
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells that work together to do a function or functions

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6
Q

merisematic tissue

A

-growth using cell division
-meristem (longitudinally)
-cambium (form rings)

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7
Q

organs

A

groups of tissue working together to do a function or functions

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8
Q

animal tissues

A

-epithelial
-muscle
-nervous
-connective

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9
Q

epithelial tissue

A

skin, linings of organs, glands - protection of non-living parts

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10
Q

muscle tissue

A

cells with the ability to contract (shorten) or relax

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11
Q

nervous tissue

A

nerves/majority of brain is covered by nervous tissue

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12
Q

connective tissue

A

bones, cartalidge, tendons, ligements, fat, blood, ect…

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13
Q

tendons

A

hold muscles to bones

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14
Q

ligaments

A

hold bones to bones

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15
Q

embryology

A

-evidence for comparatice studies for the classification of organisms
-gradual changes within the body as the body develops over time

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16
Q

homologous structures

A

anotomical parts of different organisms that have a similar appearance and the same origin of development (arm of human vs wing of bird)

17
Q

analogous structures

A

anatomical parts of different organisms that have similar functions but different origins of development (wing of bird vs wing of insect)

18
Q

types of comparative studies

A

-gross anatomy
-developmental changes
-biochemistry

19
Q

mitosis

A

the process in which the nucleus of a cell divides, creating 2 identical halves the same as the original cell

20
Q

cytokinesis

A

the process in which the entire cell divides

21
Q

determination

A

the process in which a cell becomes genetically committed to a course of development even though the changes are not detectable (process is not visible)
-you can see the changes that are happening but can’t quite tell what it would become

22
Q

differentiation

A

the process in which genetically identical cells notably (visibly) develop into specific types of cells
-you can fully tell what the cell has developed in to

23
Q

Gene

A

a segment of DNA that provides the geneitc information for a single protein or occasionally a specific trait

24
Q

allele

A

one of the varying forms of a gene

25
Q

chromosome

A

-a complex of proteins and DNA
-coiled and rod-shaped
-found in dividing cells
-defined by a centromere

26
Q

centromere

A

the constricted portion of a chromosome

27
Q

chromatid

A

one of the 2 identical halves of a chromosome

28
Q

chromatin

A

-a complex of proteins and DNA
-not coiled
-found in non-dividing cells

29
Q

DNA

A

an organic compound made of repeating subunits/monomers called nucleotides that stores genetic info needed to make proteins
-has 2 strands
-double helix shape

30
Q

RNA

A

an orgainic compound made of repeating subunits/monomers called nucleotides that stores and transfers genetic info needed to make proteins
-has 1 strand
-doesn’t have particular shape/changes shape

31
Q

replication

A

a process in which DNA is used to make DNA

32
Q

transcription

A

a process in which DNA is used to make RNA

33
Q

nucleotide

A

has 3 parts

34
Q

nitrogen base

A

-provides variety to DNA/RNA molecules
-up to 4 different types of nitrogen bases per molecule
-in the double helix during replication and transcrition, the nitrogen bases pair

35
Q

nitrogen bases

A

guanine—cytosine
adenine—thymine (DNA only)
adenine—uracil (RNA only)

Biology (12 decks)

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