Unit 4 Flashcards
plant tissues
dermal
vascular
ground
meristematic
dermal tissue
protecting inner tissues of plant and other functions related to skin
vascular tissue
-transportation of fluids
-xylem cells carry water/minerals up plant, thick walls, support
-phloem cells carry water/sugar up plant
ground tissue
capable of photosynthesis, storage, support (select function that best fits example)
tissue
a group of cells that work together to do a function or functions
merisematic tissue
-growth using cell division
-meristem (longitudinally)
-cambium (form rings)
organs
groups of tissue working together to do a function or functions
animal tissues
-epithelial
-muscle
-nervous
-connective
epithelial tissue
skin, linings of organs, glands - protection of non-living parts
muscle tissue
cells with the ability to contract (shorten) or relax
nervous tissue
nerves/majority of brain is covered by nervous tissue
connective tissue
bones, cartalidge, tendons, ligements, fat, blood, ect…
tendons
hold muscles to bones
ligaments
hold bones to bones
embryology
-evidence for comparatice studies for the classification of organisms
-gradual changes within the body as the body develops over time
homologous structures
anotomical parts of different organisms that have a similar appearance and the same origin of development (arm of human vs wing of bird)
analogous structures
anatomical parts of different organisms that have similar functions but different origins of development (wing of bird vs wing of insect)
types of comparative studies
-gross anatomy
-developmental changes
-biochemistry
mitosis
the process in which the nucleus of a cell divides, creating 2 identical halves the same as the original cell
cytokinesis
the process in which the entire cell divides
determination
the process in which a cell becomes genetically committed to a course of development even though the changes are not detectable (process is not visible)
-you can see the changes that are happening but can’t quite tell what it would become
differentiation
the process in which genetically identical cells notably (visibly) develop into specific types of cells
-you can fully tell what the cell has developed in to
Gene
a segment of DNA that provides the geneitc information for a single protein or occasionally a specific trait
allele
one of the varying forms of a gene
chromosome
-a complex of proteins and DNA
-coiled and rod-shaped
-found in dividing cells
-defined by a centromere
centromere
the constricted portion of a chromosome
chromatid
one of the 2 identical halves of a chromosome
chromatin
-a complex of proteins and DNA
-not coiled
-found in non-dividing cells
DNA
an organic compound made of repeating subunits/monomers called nucleotides that stores genetic info needed to make proteins
-has 2 strands
-double helix shape
RNA
an orgainic compound made of repeating subunits/monomers called nucleotides that stores and transfers genetic info needed to make proteins
-has 1 strand
-doesn’t have particular shape/changes shape
replication
a process in which DNA is used to make DNA
transcription
a process in which DNA is used to make RNA
nucleotide
has 3 parts
nitrogen base
-provides variety to DNA/RNA molecules
-up to 4 different types of nitrogen bases per molecule
-in the double helix during replication and transcrition, the nitrogen bases pair
nitrogen bases
guanine—cytosine
adenine—thymine (DNA only)
adenine—uracil (RNA only)
