Unit 4 Flashcards
The African Union
The African Union is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.
Allegiance
loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause.
Antecedent boundary
a boundary between two states that is created before the area is populated with human society.
Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle runs slightly north of 66 degrees north latitude (66° 33’ north), which in Norway is through Nordland county in Northern Norway.
Arctic Council
The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic region.
ASEAN, an abbreviation for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,
is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia.
Autonomous region
An autonomous administrative division is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy—self-governance—under the national government.
Borderland
the district near a border.
Boundary
a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.
Buffer State
a small neutral country situated between two larger hostile countries and serving to prevent the outbreak of regional conflict.
Choke Point
a point of congestion or blockage.
Consequent Boundary
A consequent boundary is defined in human geography as a boundary between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups, that was established to settle disputes, end wars, and establish a clear separation between groups.
Core Areas
the engines of economic growth and are characterized by modern, technologically advanced production methods as well as highly skilled and highwage labor.
Core states
provides architecture, interior design, engineering, program management, construction management, energy, and signage/branded environments services
Cracking
the practice of dividing a group of voters into multiple districts in order to dilute their voting power.
Cultural Cohesion
trusting network of relationships and shared values and norms of residents in a neighborhood
Delimited
having fixed boundaries or limits.
Demarcated
set the boundaries or limits of.
demilitarized zone
a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization’s external-facing services to an untrusted, usually larger, network such as the Internet
democratization
is the democratic transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction
Devolution
the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.
Domestic terrorism
Domestic terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature.
Economies of scale
a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.
Effective sovereignty
he character of the historic bloc. (or “power bloc”) and the social forces which support
Electoral College
The Electoral College is a method of indirect popular election of the President of the United States. Instead of voting for a specific candidate, voters in an indirect popular election select a panel of individuals pledged to vote for a specific candidate.
Electoral geography
Electoral geography considers the way in which the physical characteristics of a territory directly affect the population and thus the election decision of these people.
Enclave
a separate space or group within a larger one
Equitable Infrastructure
The construction and improvement of foundational services such as access to energy resources throughout the country
Escarpment
an area of the Earth where elevation changes suddenly
ETA
Basque for Basque Homeland and Liberty
ethnonationalism
elicits understandings and forms of nationalism that regard ethnicity and ethnic ties as core components of conceptions and experiences of the “nation”
European Union
The European Union is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe.
Exclave
a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the home territory.
Exclusive Economic Zone
An exclusive economic zone, as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
Failed State
Typically, the term means that the state has been rendered ineffective and is not able to enforce its laws uniformly or provide basic goods and services to its citizens.
Federal State
The model federal state is characterized by the existence, at the national level, of a written, rigid constitution guaranteeing the several intermediate governments not only permanence and independence but also a full complement of legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
Frontier
A zone of territory where no state has governing authority.
Geometric boundary
A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs.
Gerrymandering
manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.
Iconography
the visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these.
Independent State
A sovereign state is a state that has the highest authority over a territory.
International terrorism
terrorism that goes beyond national boundaries in terms of the methods used, the people that are targeted or the places from which the terrorists operate.
Irredentism
a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it.
Median line principle
the principle that a nation’s maritime boundaries should conform to a median-line equidistant from the shores of neighboring nation-states.
Multinational state
state that contains two or more national groups, where no single group is dominant demographically, culturally, and politically.
Multistate nations
Ethnic groups territorially divided by one or more international boundaries
Nation
a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
Nationalism
identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
Nation-state ideal
its population constitutes a nation, united by a common descent, a common language and many forms of shared culture.
Nation-state
a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.
neocolonialism
the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.
north american free trade agreement
an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. Wikipedia
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 31 member states – 29 European and two North American
Packing
the practice of concentrating a group of voters into a single district in order to reduce their influence in other districts.
Peripheral States
In world systems theory, the periphery countries are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth
Political geography
the study of how humans have divided up the Earth’s surface for management and control purposes.
Political map
shows the political features of a given area. These features can include things like: countries, states, provinces, cities, towns, major highways and byways, and major water structures.
Reaportionment
The Reapportionment Act of 1929 allowed states to draw districts of varying size and shape. It also allowed states to abandon districts altogether and elect at least some representatives at-large, which several states chose to do, including New York, Illinois, Washington, Hawaii, and New Mexico.
Redistricting
Redistricting is the way we change the districts that determine who represents us. Every member of the U.S. House of Representatives, most of our state legislators, and many of our local legislators in towns and counties are elected from districts.
Regional trading blocs
A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.
Relic boundary
A boundary that no longer exists, although it may still appear on the cultural landscape.
Satellite State
A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent in the world but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country
Self-determination
the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.
semiautonomous region
having a degree of, but not complete, self-government.
shatterbelt
a geographical region that is endangered by local conflicts within the states or between countries in the region, as well as the involvement of opposing great powers outside the region.
Sovereign state
the legal authority and responsibility of an independent state to govern and regulate its political affairs without foreign interference
State or country
States are defined by sovereignty over territory and a group of people. They are what we commonly call countries
State terrorism
committed by governments and quasi-governmental agencies and personnel against perceived threats
Stateless nation
an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own sovereign state
Strait
a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.
Subnational terrorism
“The premediated use or threat to use violence by individuals or subnational groups to obtain a political or social objective through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victim
Subnational Units
Subnational political units are what results when devolution takes place. A subnational political unit made up of a small area such as a city, town, or village that has its own local government.
Subsequent Boundary
A boundary that is established after the settlement with an attempt to accommodate cultural differences
Superimposed boundary
political barriers drawn in an area with complete disregard for the cultural, religious, and ethnic divisions within the people living there.
Supranational Organizations
are international political bodies that nation-states establish in cooperation with their neighbors for mutual political, military, economic, or cultural gain.
Supranationalism
the state or condition of transcending national boundaries, authority, or interests.
terrorism
the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
Uneven development
the process by which the social relations of capitalist societies are translated into spatial forms
Unitary State
a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state.
United Nations
The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. (Uk, USA, India, france, etc.)
UNCLOS
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. As of May 2023, 168 countries and the European Union are parties.
Voting districts
Voting district (VTD) is a generic term adopted by the Bureau of the Census to include the wide variety of small polling areas, such as election districts, precincts, or wards, that State and local governments create for the purpose of administering elections.
