Unit 4 Flashcards
Unit 4
The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions; most are used to convert energy into a storable form, or to use it
metabolism
How does metabolism work in animals?
use cellular respiration to covert energy acquired from ingestion to ATP
How does metabolism work in plants?
use photosynthesis to generate sugars that may be stored AND respiration to generate ATP
What is ATP?
consists of robose, adenine, and 3 covanlently bonded phosphate molecules
What is the function of ATP?
unstable; transferring the terminal phosphate confers energy in the recipient molecule
What is energy?
the ability to do work
What is kinetic energy?
the energy of motion
What is potential energy?
the energy or state of position
Study of energy in the form of heat
thermodynamics
Use of energy to drive chemical reactions
biological systems
Making or breaking chemical bonds; commonly used to store or release energy
chemical reactions
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can change states
Measured as a random movement of molecular; during conversion of energy, some is lost as heat
heat energy
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
disorder in a closed system increases; disorder is more common than order
What is entropy?
a measure of the disorder of the system
Original molecules before the reaction; also called “substrates”
reactant
Substances that result from a reaction
product
The products of a reaction present more motential energy than the reactants
energonic reaction