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heath and social (single) > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular - hypertension

A
  • when systolic number is above 140mmHg & diastolic number is above 90mmHg
  • puts pressure on blood vessels, heart, & organs, increasing risk of other malfunctions
  • caused by lifestyle, overweight, smoking, & drinking
  • symptoms - blurred vision, nosebleeds, & shortness of breath
  • treatment - lifestyle changes & medications
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2
Q

Cardiovascular - conorary heart disease (CHD)

A
  • arteries can’t deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to heart due to it being blocked/interrupted by fatty substances in conorary arteries
  • caused by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetes, obese, no exercise, & smoking
  • symptoms - chest pain, shortness of breath, feeling faint, nausea, & pain throughout body
  • treatment - lifestyle changes, medications, & surgery
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3
Q

Cardiovascular - myocardial infarction (heart attack)

A
  • supply of blood to heart is blocked by clot
  • caused by smoking, high fat diet, obese, & high blood pressure
  • symptoms - chest pain, shortness of breath, feeling weak/lightheaded, nausea, & overwhelming feeling of anxiety
  • treatment - medication to breakdown/prevent clot, bypass graft, & stent
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4
Q

Cardiovascular - angina

A
  • chest pain caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles due to fatty substances
  • 2 types - unstable & stable
  • caused by unhealthy lifestyle, age, family history, & lack of exercise
  • symptoms - chest pain & tight/ dull chest
  • treatment - medication to prevent attacks & survey if unstable
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5
Q

Respiratory - emphysema

A

• caused by long-term smoking chemicals, paralyse lung-cleaning cilia & kill them leading to build up of mucus & pathogens
• symptoms - breathlessness, coughing, & fatigue
• treatment - lung function test, steroids, antibiotics, therapy, & surgery

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6
Q

Respiratory - cystic fibrosis

A

• caused sticky mucus to build in the lungs & digestive system
• starts in childhood, genetic
• symptoms - wheezing, coughing, frequent chest infections, & jaundice
• treatment - no cure, exercise, & heathy diet

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7
Q

Respiratory - asthma

A

• bronchi of lungs become inflamed & narrow when muscles contact, causing increased mucus
• symptoms - wheezing, tight chest, coughing, & asthma attacks
• triggers - cigs, dust, & smoke
• treatment - nebulisers, inhalers, knowledge about triggers, & peak flow

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8
Q

Digestive - irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A
  • affects digestive system & small intestine
  • symptoms - stomach cramps, bloating, diahorrea, & constipation
  • treatment - no sure but lifestyle changes like exercise, avoiding foods, & food diary
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9
Q

Digestive - gallstones

A
  • small stones made of cholesterol that form in gallbladder
  • symptoms - abdominal pain, jaundice, & high temp
  • causes - obese, female, bad diet, & 40+
  • treatment - surgery & change in lifestyle
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10
Q

Digestive - coeliac disease

A
  • immune system attacks own tissue when eat gluten
  • symptoms - abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, & fatigue
  • causes - autoimmune condition
  • treatment - excluding foods that contain gluten & food diary
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11
Q

Skeletal - osteoarthritis

A
  • causes joints to become painful & stiff, when ends of bone breakdown
  • symptoms - swelling, pain, tenderness, crackling joints, & limited mobility
  • treatment - no cure, regular exercising, weightloss, & suitable clothing (shoes)
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12
Q

Skeletal - rheumoid arthritis

A
  • causes thin layer of cells covering joints become sore/inflammed, auto immune condition
  • increased risk - woman, family history, & smoking
  • treatment - medicine, physiotherapy, & surgery
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13
Q

Skeletal - osteoporosis

A
  • weakens bones, making them fragile & more likely to break - hips, wrists, & spine
  • caused by age, women, 45+, &
    family history
  • symptoms - pain, broken bones, loss of height, change in posture, & shortness of breath
  • treatment - daily supplements, therapy, & lifestyle changes
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14
Q

Regulatory - diabetes

A
  • causes sugar level of glucose (sugar) in blood to high when body doesnt produce enough insulin
  • symptoms - thirsty, tired, blurred vision, loss of weight, & thrush
  • treatment - insulin injection & lifestyle changes
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15
Q

Regulatory - stroke

A
  • blood supply to part of brain is cut off
  • ischaemic - blood stopped due to blood clot
  • haemorrhagic - weakened blood vessel supplying brain bursts
  • symptoms - droopy face, splurged speech, not lift arms, paraylsis, & blurred vision
  • causes - smoking, hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol levels, & stress
  • treatment - medicens to prevent/clot busting, surgery, lifesyle changes, & therapy
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16
Q

Skeletal - multiple sclerosis

A
  • affects brain & spinal cord, causing range of potential symptoms
  • caused by genes, smoking, & lack of vitamin D
  • symptoms - fatigue, vision problems, pain, mobility issues, & numbness/tingiling
  • treatment - no cure, medications to help w movement, & therapy
17
Q

Ligament & tendon

A
  • bone to bone
  • muscle to bone
18
Q

Kidney - nephrotic syndrome

A
  • causes body to pass too much protien in urine
  • caused by damage to clusters of blood vessles in kidney that filter waste & excess water
  • symptoms - swelling, foamy urine, fatigue, & loss of appetite
  • treatment - medications, low-salt diet, reduce amount of liquid, & less cholesterol & fats
  • monitoring - urine tests, blood tests, & kidney biopsy
19
Q

Liver - cirrhosis of liver

A
  • caused by long-term liver damage, scar tissue prevents the liver working properly
  • caused by too much alcohol, & hepatitis B/C
  • symptoms - jaundice, itchy skin, dark urine, & bruising easily
  • treatments - lifestyle changes, avoid alcohol, no smoking, vaccines, less salt & fat diet, & medicines
20
Q

Eye - cataracts

A
  • clouding of the lens, typically clear
  • caused by family history, smoking, diabetes, & eye injury
  • symptoms - blurred vision, lights too bright/glaring, & colours faded
  • treatment - surgery to replace affected lens
21
Q

Eye - glaucoma

A
  • the optic nerve becomes damaged
  • caused by build up of pressure, unable to drain fluid, age, & family history
  • symptoms - eye pain, red eye, headache, & blurred vision
  • treatment - eyedrops, laser treatment, & surgery
22
Q

Eye - age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

A
  • affects middle part of vision
  • caused by smoking, high bp, family history, & weight
  • symptoms - hallutions, seeing straight lines as wavy or crooked, & smaller than normal
  • treatment - eye injections & light treatment
23
Q

Eye - retinopathy

A
  • complication of diabetes, caused by thigh blood sugar levels damaging the back of eye (retina)
  • symptoms - worsening vision, sudden vision loss, eye pain, & blurred/patchy vision
  • treatment - laser treatment, injections, & operation
24
Q

Ear - conductive hearing loss

A
  • sounds are unable to pass from the outer ear to inner ear, usually due to a blockage
25
Q

Ear - sensorineural hearing loss

A
  • caused by damage to the sensitive hair cells of the organ of corti in the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve
26
Q

Ear - deafness

A
  • born/developed
  • caused by infections, ear wax build-up, & perforated eardrum
  • symptoms - repeat words & difficulty hearing
  • treatment - aids/implants, antibiotics, eardrops, & removal of earwax

heath and social (single) (3 decks)

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