unit 4

Question 1

In the studies by Noyes and his colleagues, the dimension in which one has a feeling that thoughts are either more vivid or more dull, and either more speeded up or more blurred, is called ______.

Answer 1

hyperalertness

Question 2

The autoscopic experience refers to:

Answer 2

an out-of-the-body experience

Question 3

Ian Stevenson’s typical “case suggestive of reincarnation” starts when the person who claims to be reincarnated is around the age of ______ years old.

Answer 3

2 to 4

Question 4

Which religion is most closely associated with a Book of Deeds which will be consulted at the time of judgment to determine whether one goes to paradise or torment?

Answer 4

Islam

Question 5

Which of the following are commonly reported by people who have had near-death experiences?

Answer 5

all of the above

Question 5

The lesson of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice is that:

Answer 5

the dead cannot come back to life

Question 6

The Jewish survival belief that “Yahweh is the god of life—and this life is all that we have” is associated with the:

Answer 6

Sadducees

Question 7

Heaven and hell are both real places, according to ______ respondents to a recent Fox News survey.

Answer 7

more than two out of three

Question 8

Which of the following most closely matches Moody’s own conclusions about near-death experiences (NDEs)?

Answer 8

NDEs cannot provide scientific evidence of an afterlife.

Question 9

The ______ Ghost Dance was intended to ______.

Answer 9

Native American; allow Native Americans to survive conquest by white people.

Question 10

Another word for “ghost” is:

Answer 10

apparition

Question 11

The lesson of the ancient Gilgamesh myth is that:

Answer 11

no human will ever escape death

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT found by Osis and his colleagues in their studies of “deathbed escorts”?

Answer 12

The visitations always seemed to be welcomed by the patients.

Question 13

“Bridey Murphy” is a famous case of:

Answer 13

past life regression proven to be false

Question 14

Cardiologist Michael B. Sabom’s NDE study is of special interest because he and his colleagues:

Answer 14

compared NDE reports with actual events in the operating room

Question 14

The primary near death experience (NDE), as described by Moody, typically includes some or all of the following components EXCEPT a sensation of:

Answer 14

returning to childhood

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the research findings from a study of cardiac arrest patients in the Netherlands?

Answer 15

Only a few patients were unable to report any memories.

Question 16

In his search for evidence on the reincarnation question, Stevenson has recently published a set of cases in which:

Answer 16

there is a close match between the fatal wounds suffered by a deceased person and marks found on a child at birth

Question 17

Cardiologist Michael Sabom found that near-death experiences showed:

Answer 17

no relationship to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or cause of the crisis

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT consistent with reports of near-death experiences?

Answer 18

Almost all people who have had close encounters with death have also had NDEs.

Question 19

Individuals representing the “New Age” movement are more inclined to believe that:

Answer 19

there is no death

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the current status of cloning research is NOT accurate?

Answer 20

Cloning of tadpoles and sheep have a high rate of success.

Question 21

A psychopomp is a:

Answer 21

grim reaper

Question 22

Which is NOT true of the changes in the writing and thinking about hell?

Answer 22

The Jesuits emphasized isolation and eternal loneliness in hell.

Question 23

Which of the following statements reflects the Jewish survival belief that was closest to what would become the Christian interpretation?

Answer 23

There is a spiritual rather than a physical afterlife in which the soul contemplates death.

Question 24

The belief that those who were great and powerful in this life will also be celebrated in the afterlife is consistent with the ______ theme.

Answer 24

conservation

Question 25

Studies conducted by psychiatrist Russell Noyes, Jr. and his colleagues have found which of the following major characteristics in experiences reported by people who survived a variety of life-threatening crises?

Answer 25

All of the above

Question 26

Reports of near-death experiences and G-LOC have the sensation of ______ in common.

Answer 26

all of the above

Question 27

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the findings of Glen Gabbard and Stuart Twemlow?

Answer 27

NDEs are found mostly in people with symptoms of mental disease.

Question 28

The Jewish survival belief that “there is a spiritual rather than a physical afterlife in which the individual soul contemplates God” is associated with the:

Answer 28

Essenes

Question 29

A less obvious sign of burnout is:

Answer 29

reduced immune function

elevated blood pressure

Question 30

Many counselors believe that one of the most important goals to set with clients who have had death come into their lives is to help them:

Answer 30

draw on their own inner strengths

Question 30

Manion (2005) reported that many physicians and nurses patrolling the borderline between life and death:

Answer 30

would not recommend professions in health care to their own children

Question 31

When taking a course on death, students should look for an instructor that:

Answer 31

has the emotional, intellectual, and professional expertise to foster a “deep learning” experience that may involve interactions and activities that extend beyond the classroom

Question 32

Vachon’s study of 600 health-care professionals who worked in death-salient situations found that the primary source of stress leading to burnout stemmed from:

Answer 32

the work environment and related occupational roles

Question 32

Coined by Figley (1995), another term for burnout in the health-care profession is:

Answer 32

compassion fatigue

Question 33

In the study of hospice staff conducted by Addington-Hall and Karlsen (2005), about half of the staff was considering leaving because of:

Answer 33

lack of support from management

Question 34

According to Beatrice Kastenbaum, a pioneer in the hospice movement, nursing students worry about:

Answer 34

having a patient die

if they will be responsible for the patient’s death

what they will feel if a patient’s death occurs

Question 35

Iserson suggests that when notifying survivors about a sudden, unexpected loss, it is best to:

Answer 35

use one of the “D” words for clear and accurate communication

Question 36

According to Kastenbaum, individuals who provide counseling or psychotherapy in death-related situations would be wise to select an approach that is in harmony with:

Answer 36

the caregiver’s own personality

Question 37

The term “death education” did not become a recognizable part of American society until:

Answer 37

during the 1960s

Question 38

ADEC refers to the:

Answer 38

Association for Death Education and Counseling

Question 39

An obvious sign of burnout is:

Answer 39

self-criticism

Question 40

Which of the following themes was NOT supported in the Ars moriendi guidebooks?

Answer 40

A good death stems from ignoring death.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT one of Kastenbaum’s recommendations to health-care workers for how to protect themselves from burnout?

Answer 40

Reduce the amount of decision-making on the job

Question 41

The danse macabre theme was a depiction of:

Answer 41

death as a skeletal figure who laid claim to all mortal souls and solemnly led the living away

Question 42

“Books of the dead” refers to:

Answer 42

ancient documents from Tibet and dynastic Egypt that offered detailed accounts of what becomes of the soul after death and what preparations should be made for a safe passage

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a finding from a survey conducted of thanatologists?

Answer 42

Thinking about death has made it difficult for them to enjoy life.

Question 43

According to Corr and Corr (2003), an example of an adult education program that serves as a community-based resource for bereavement guidance and counseling is:

Answer 43

Widow-to-Widow

Question 44

During medieval times, death was part of almost every person’s experience from childhood onward, and therefore not hidden from view because:

Answer 44

infections often proved fatal to children and adults

epidemics periodically decimated the population

people were commonly exposed to human and animal corpses

Question 45

Which of the following was NOT one of Kalish’s concerns regarding death educators?

Answer 45

Priests and physicians will push all death education and counseling needs onto these new professionals

Question 46

The teachings of the Old Testament and The Arabian Nights:

Answer 46

contrast the power of God with the powerlessness of people

Question 47

One way Kastenbaum suggested we all can help each other with death-related grief is to:

Answer 47

not feel obligated to leave everything to experts

Question 48

The person who at one point in time had a dominant role in the mediation of our relationship to death was the:

Answer 48

priest

Question 49

When working with dying patients, it is important that the worker be conscious of:

Answer 49

transference

countertransference

Question 50

SimMan was designed to:

Answer 50

accommodate female anatomy

make different breath sounds

make vocal responses regarding pain

Question 51

All of the following are linked to a higher risk for death in a hospital EXCEPT:

Answer 51

limited training for nurses in how to deliver quality care for terminal patients

Question 52

The Ars moriendi tradition was concerned mostly with the art of:

Answer 52

dying well

Question 53

Which of the following statements is NOT a salient feature of the mainstream Christian “death education” lesson?

Answer 53

Death of the body is followed by reincarnation in another body

Question 53

A good death in Utopia occurs:

Answer 53

when it conforms with the commonwealth’s priorities

with the achievement of dying as a respectable citizen

Question 54

The number of people with AIDS in India, now at four million, is estimated to increase to ______ million within the next few years.

Answer 54

25

Question 55

Throughout world history, people often feared growing old because of possible:

Answer 55

infirmity

suffering

abandonment

Question 56

One way Utopian values of a good death can be affirmed is by:

Answer 56

exposing entire families to battlefield death

Question 57

All of the following are frames of mind that can be associated with the good death as a transfiguring experience EXCEPT a:

Answer 57

need to avoid spiritual manifestations afflicting one’s life

Question 58

“Ah, now that you are here, I can die easily” is an example of:

Answer 58

Proposition 3

relationship-affirming death

Question 59

______ observations led him to the conclusion that life forms are related to each other in a complex web of circumstances.

Answer 59

Darwin’s

Question 60

Contrary to historical views of the elderly as infirm, active elderly men and women today usually report that they are:

Answer 60

well satisfied with their lives

Question 61

Which of the following statements about Socrates’ death is most accurate?

Answer 61

He served as a historical model for facing death with equanimity and humor.

He spent his last days discussing the meaning of life and death.

Question 62

The central position of the ______ theory is “people who consider themselves to have full and satisfying lives are less anxious about death.”

Answer 62

regret

Question 63

Death as a theme in lullabies has:

Answer 63

become less common in modern times

Question 64

Which of the following does NOT represent one of Thomas More’s positives for Utopia?

Answer 64

No death

Question 65

For Weisman, the appropriate death is one that:

Answer 65

would be the death that we would choose for ourselves if we really had a choice

Question 66

The earliest identifiable mass extinction occurred about ______ years ago, the most recent mass extinction occurred about ______ years ago.

Answer 66

439 million; 65 million

Question 67

Which of the following have been identified as an example of “the good death”?

Answer 67

Our most significant personal relationships are affirmed.

The highest values of society are affirmed and enacted.

A transfiguring personal experience occurs.

Question 68

One powerful trend with the potential for weakening our sense of deep connection, including our ability to appreciate the real death of real people, is:

Answer 68

the development of virtual reality

Question 69

The extinction of all life could be called the supreme act of:

Answer 69

thanatocide

Question 70

Statistics from the Netherlands (fairly comparable with those of the United States) indicate that roughly only ______ can have much control over the way he or she dies.

Answer 70

one in three people

Question 71

The terrorist tragedy of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001 sent out the following message about death:

Answer 71

that individuality or the individual meant nothing

Question 72

The ancient “death as enfeebled life” model implied that:

Answer 72

death is not so dramatically different than life

Question 73

An assumption that people everywhere would fear a death marked by extreme physical, mental, and spiritual suffering is a consideration of:

Answer 73

Proposition 1

Question 74

A common sentiment among the baby boomers is exemplified by the statement of Billie S., a hospice patient, about death:

Answer 74

Life is a party that is still going on, and I don’t want to go (death as “leaving the party”).

Question 75

Which of the following does NOT represent one of Kastenbaum’s suggestions for individuals when contemplating a good life or good death?

Answer 75

Live life to the fullest by increasing risk and danger.

Question 76

Kastenbaum expresses concern that as people become increasingly engrossed in computer-mediated images and icons it will become even easier to:

Answer 76

evade the realization that death is a central fact of life

make decisions that endanger the lives of others through a few key strokes

Question 77

The notion of heroism as a good death is a consideration of:

Answer 77

Proposition 2

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT part of John Donne’s Devotion 17?

Answer 78

Each person, no matter how celebrated, dies alone.

Question 79

Omar Khayyam’s famous eleventh-century verse, “The Moving Finger…” offers the reminder that:

Answer 79

time doesn’t offer us a second chance

Question 80

Which statement most accurately sums up the current status of time in terms of life and death?

Answer 80

Technology has produced the ability for humans to “shift” time.

Time’s rule has now been challenged.

Question 81

Byock’s account of his father’s final illness makes all the following points, EXCEPT:

Answer 81

elderly people should not be put on life-support systems

Question 82

In the nineteenth century, to die in the Civil War represented:

Answer 82

a violation to the conditions of a good death