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death & dying > unit 3 > Flashcards

unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Terminal sedation is also called “______ euthanasia.”

A

slow

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2
Q

Kevorkian established centers called ____ across the nation where people could have assisted deaths and also conduct biomedical research

A

orbitoria

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3
Q

Probably the earliest and purest form of euthanasia is:

A

mercy death

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4
Q

Advocates of the Black Stork movement urged physicians to:

A

allow all “defective” infants to die

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5
Q

The machine that Dr. Kevorkian created was known as the?

A

Merciton

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6
Q

This oath has been used by the World Medical Association since shortly after World War II and is associated with:

A

the Declaration of Geneva

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7
Q

In the “Debbie” case, the physician:

A

took matters into their own hands by forcing the nurse to prepare a lethal dose of morphine without consulting anyone OR Debbie about the situation

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8
Q

Nancy Cruzan’s situation was finally resolved when:

A

her physician changed his mind and the court then agreed that life support could be withdrawn

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8
Q

Eugenicists promoted:

A

the sterilization of people thought to have defective genes

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9
Q

The systematic abortion and infanticide of girls has become a national horror and disgrace for which country?

A

China

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10
Q

It is estimated that ______ Americans have minimal consciousness syndrome.

A

150,000

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11
Q

Euthanasia originally meant:

A

Dying without pain and suffering

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12
Q

Karen Ann Quinlan:

A

suffered severe and irreversible brain damage as a result of oxygen deprivation.

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13
Q

Kastenbaum’s discussion of the Black Stork movement highlights Dr. Harry Haiselden, who boasted of allowing the deaths of six “defective” infants in:

A

the United States

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14
Q

In the case of Nancy Cruzan, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

A

a competent person has the right to die, but the state has the right to determine what evidence it will require to exercise that right.

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15
Q

In the Karen Ann Quinlan case, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the ventilator could be turned off as long as her:

A

physicians agreed she had no reasonable chance of regaining consciousness.

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16
Q

The case described as “the exception that proves the rule” questioned the limits of what might be expected in terms of state care and the authority of the medical establishment included all the below EXCEPT:

A

illogical reasoning

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the Terri Schiavo case?

A

It was three years from the time of her heart attack until the time she died.

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18
Q

What country followed the Netherlands by enacting physician-assisted suicide legislation in 2002?

A

Belgium

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19
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true about RvW

A

The Roe v. Wade U.S. Supreme Court decision forbids states from regulating abortions at any stage in pregnancy

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20
Q

“Euthanasia” is a deceptive term for what Nazi doctors did to residents of institutions because the people:

A

were not terminally ill, were not suffering intractable pain, and did not ask to have their lives ended

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21
Q

When discussing treatment for someone with no chance of recovery from their condition, the phrase “let him go” is associated with ______ euthanasia.

A

passive

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22
Q

______ was the first nation to enact a law that made it legal for a physician to assist in ending a patient’s life.

A

The Netherlands

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23
Q

Since the Death with Dignity Act (DVDA) began, individuals who requested this have primarily consisted of people with the following characteristics:

A

college-educated, white, with health insurance

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24
Q

Recent national polls found that:

A

the public approves of allowing doctors to end the life of a severely distressed dying person at that person’s request

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25
Q

Which of the following is an example of a slippery slope argument applied to assisted death?

A

We should not approve of assisted death for any particular person because that will encourage more such deaths and with less selectivity.

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26
Q

What percentage of Dr. Kevorkian’s clients were terminally ill?

A

28.3 percent

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27
Q

Which of these statements about the Hippocratic Oath is NOT true?

A

All physicians are required to swear allegiance to this oath.

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28
Q

In 2009, which state followed Oregon with a Death with Dignity Act?

A

Washington

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29
Q

It is estimated that ______ Americans exist in persistent vegetative states at the present time.

A

10,000 to 35,000

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30
Q

Which of the following statements is the most accurateabout children songs?

A

“Ring-Around-the-Rosie” became a popular game in the fourteenth century because it enabled children to deal with their death fears during the plague years.

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31
Q

Which of the following factors has the most influence in lowering children’s levels of death anxiety?

A

Children with more mature levels of understanding have lower levels of death anxiety.

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32
Q

According to Kastenbaum and Fox (2007), the concept of an “imaginary friend” (IF) emerges during:

A

preschool years and exits around the time of entry into kindergarten (age five to six)

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33
Q

According to Kenyon (2001), which of the following factors had the most influence with regard to whom was more likely to demonstrate more advanced concepts of death?

A

children of either gender with superior intellectual and verbal skills

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34
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended ways of approaching a child who has concerns about his or her own impending death?

A

Convey a sense of urgency about the need for the child’s responses to be immediate.

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34
Q

Children who are dealing with bereavement due to the loss of a parent:

A

show a higher frequency of delinquent and criminal behavior

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35
Q

According to Nagy’s research, which of the following statements best describes the first stage of the child’s understanding of death?

A

Death is separation.

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36
Q

One way in which death anxiety is perpetuated for another generation starts with:

A

parents whose own discomfort interferes with their ability to respond to a child’s death-related curiosity in a simple and naturalistic way

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37
Q

When it comes to cultural influences on children’s concepts of death:

A

children in Sweden and the United States have similar concepts of death at the same age, Muslim children are more likely to pray for the dead, and Taiwanese children are exposed to violent images of death

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38
Q

It is recommended that dying children be given:

A

the opportunity to express their concerns through any modality that is natural and effective for them, confirmation that they are still normal and valuable people, and assurance that they will not be abandoned

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39
Q

When experiencing a death in the family, it is often more difficult for family members to accept a child’s response when it involves:

A

anger

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40
Q

Preschool-age children studied by Nagy:

A

were full of questions about funerals, coffins, and cemeteries

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41
Q

When considering strategies for helping children to cope with bereavement, which of the following WOULD NOT be considered advisable?

A

Avoid direct discussion of what the child may be thinking and feeling about the death.

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42
Q

Freud thought that, having lost one’s own childhood innocence, as adults parents want to:

A

safeguard their children from reality and let them live in a fairy-tale world.

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43
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children is often expressed by:

A

difficulties in establishing friendships, difficulty paying attention, and difficulties in concentrating

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44
Q

The episode of the terminally ill three-year-old boy and stuffed duck toy he played with each time he was hospitalized suggests that:

A

very young children can understand death more acutely than adults would like to believe

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45
Q

Mortality rates for all causes have been found to be higher among young adults who:

A

lost a parent in childhood

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46
Q

Which of the following is NOT typical of the experiences of SIBLINGS of dying children?

A

receiving too much attention from their parents to compensate for time given to their dying sibling

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47
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the research presented through the mother–child death communication case histories presented in the text?

A

Children do not recognize that death is a threat to their own relationships and security.

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT recommended as advisable when considering the involvement of children in a funeral?

A

Children should be required to attend, as they may regret not attending later in life.

49
Q

Each of the following represents some of the most frequent responses from people who were questioned about the way death was treated in their household as children EXCEPT:

A

death was discussed by adults in front of children, but as if they were not present.

50
Q

According to Papadatou, nurses and physicians who commonly work with terminally ill children experience a condition known as “the wounded healer.” This condition is considered to be a form of:

A

disenfranchised grief

51
Q

Compared with Nagy’s findings, studies today have challenged the notion of rigid “stages” and suggest that death-understanding is:

A

Children should be required to attend, as they may regret not attending later in life.

52
Q

In her studies of terminally ill children, Bluebond-Langner found that they tended to move through five stages in the acquisition of information. The first stage can best be described by the statement:

A

“I have a serious illness.”

53
Q

Some ways in which children who have “imaginary friends” may exit this relationship include that the imaginary friend may:

A

just fade away as new friends and activities play more of a role in the child’s life, experience death as the result of an accident, error, disaster, or bad luck, and experience death as a result of something the child perceived he or she did or failed to do

54
Q

Often dying children fear that:

A

they will not be a part of what will happen in the family when they are gone

55
Q

One complication parents experience as a result of their attempts to keep the relationship with their dying child alive is that of:

A

difficulties with being open to learning about the dying child’s own responses to death

56
Q

The concept of a legally “competent child” with the right to make decisions about his or her own health care has been:

A

neither “ affirmed by major court decisions” nor “affirmed by legislation in several states” since children, as a class, are not considered to be competent

57
Q

For girls who lost their mother during childhood, the long-term effects of bereavement are more likely to include:

A

as mothers: depression, overprotectiveness and perfectionism

58
Q

A child’s concern and curiosity about death is likely to develop:

A

regardless of any personal experience with separation, absence, or loss

59
Q

Which of the following was NOT found regarding leave-taking ceremonies in spousal bereavement?

A

Widowers found them to be emotionally significant.

60
Q
A
61
Q

Bereavement is defined as the:

A

objective fact that someone in our life has died

62
Q

Widows in Third World nations generally:

A

become impoverished outcasts vulnerable to abuse

63
Q

“Sensations of somatic distress in waves lasting from 20 minutes to an hour at a time, a feeling of tightness in the throat, choking with shortness of breath, need for sighing, an empty feeling in the abdomen, lack of muscular power.” This is the classic description of:

A

acute grief

64
Q

The “inner representation” of the dead child:

A
65
Q

Which type of grief is seen in severe and disabling responses to sudden and often violent death?

A

traumatic

66
Q

Which of the following statements accurately represents Freud’s view of grief and recovery from grief?

A

Grief is an adaptive response to loss, not just an expression of emotional pain, it is a mistake to insist that an individual should quickly snap back to normal life after a loved one has died, and the recovery process is complicated by the survivor’s resistance to letting go of the attachment.

67
Q

Mourning is defined as:

A

the culturally patterned expression of the survivor’s thoughts and feelings

68
Q

The grief that is most likely to occur when an ex-spouse dies following a divorce is called “the ______ grief syndrome.”

A

conflicted

69
Q

Social media has taken on a large role in creating new or adapted forms of mourning that include:

A

Facebook

Instagram

Twitter and Pinterest

70
Q

The term “integrated” grief refers to loss:

A

of a child

71
Q

Which of the following is NOT a finding of studies of marital bereavement?

A

The passage of time can be counted on to relieve grief.

72
Q

Young monkeys show less behavioral and physiological stress during maternal separation if they can:

A

remain in a familiar environment

73
Q

In Alice Walker’s To Hell With Dying, Mr. Sweet did all of the following EXCEPT:

A

insist that his guitar be buried with him

73
Q

“Obsessional reviews” refers to:

A

thinking about the deceased and/or the circumstances of the death over and over again

74
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the views of Phyllis Silverman, founder of the Widow-to-Widow Program?

A

Grief does not have a final outcome.

Grief is a transitional human experience.

75
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the Hmong mourning practices in Laos?

A

A strict 24-hour limit from start to end of the ritual

76
Q

Bowlby explains the intensity of persistence of grief responses on the basis of:

A

attachment theory

77
Q

The chronic grief syndrome is marked by the survivor’s strong feelings of:

A

dependence

78
Q

Rosenblatt’s study of nineteenth-century diaries found that grief:

A

experiences seemed to come back in waves, even years after the death

79
Q

Stroebe defines normal grief as grief that:

A

stays within the bounds of a particular cultural tradition

80
Q

Archer’s new evolutionary biology of grief holds that:

A

grief is maladaptive

81
Q

Shadow grief refers to:

A

sorrow over a perinatal death

82
Q

The Yoruba of Western Nigeria are unique in their expressions of concern and support for the bereaved in that they:

A

greet the bereaved with specific expressions acknowledging how the death occurred, and the age, gender, and relationship of the individual to the deceased

83
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of grief-work that has been identified by Parkes?

A

Looking for somebody to take the deceased person’s place

84
Q

Which statement is most accurate regarding American support of the bereaved?

A

American society’s withdrawal of support from the bereaved represents a break from most historical traditions.

85
Q

Which of the following is NOT an expected outcome of the stressful experience of grief?

A

People tend to take better care of themselves to offset these changes.

86
Q

A gay man dies of AIDS and his parents exclude his male partner of ten years from the funeral services. This is an example of _____________ grief.

A

disenfranchised

87
Q

Stroebe’s review of grief research led her to conclude that:

A

there is very little scientific evidence for the grief-work hypothesis

88
Q

If organ donation is going to be a possibility, all required information must be determined within ___ minutes of death in order to maintain the integrity of the organs.

A

90 minutes

89
Q

The National Funeral Directors Association predicts that the number of Americans electing cremation will rise to __ percent by the year 2030.

A

71%

90
Q

Which of the following is the first memorial park created in the U.S.?

A

Mount Auburn Cemetery

91
Q

The first national cemetery in the United States was dedicated by which president?

A

Lincoln

92
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of how the newly formed Soviet Union treated the corpse of Lenin, upon coming into power?

A

His body was stuffed with herbs and aromatic spices to cover the bad odor.

93
Q

As a forensic anthropologist, Clea Koff:

A

worked as part of an international team that sought to identify thousands of Rwanda genocide victims brutally massacred in mass graves, like other colleagues before her, experienced emotional distress and grief when working on such corpses, particularly those of children and adolescents, and has become known as the “bone woman”

94
Q

Which U.S. states below have a cremation rate of at least 60 percent?

A

all of the above

95
Q

The position that funerals are a comfort to family members and are not expensive when you consider their meaning is associated with:

A

romantics

96
Q

The example discussed of an alternative to cremation in the form of “sky burial” is related to:

A

the earth is too hard for burial, there are not enough trees to cremate, and Tibetan culture

97
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding embalming in the United States?

A

Embalming has been a common practice since the American Revolution.

97
Q

Spontaneous memorialization occurs most often when a person:

A

is killed in a violent or senseless way

98
Q

A funeral director must demonstrate proficiency in:

A

accounting, chemistry, restorative art

99
Q

In terms of funeral arrangements, the open casket is:

A

chosen about as often as the closed casket

100
Q

A medical examiner (coroner) or death investigator is likely to be asked to look into a death in which:

A

there is a possible danger to public health, murder or criminal negligence are possible causes of death, dissection and examination of the body may be considered necessary

101
Q

Plastination is a process that:

A

converts organic material into durable objects

102
Q

The Funeral and Memorial Societies of America:

A

advocates for the arrangement of simple and inexpensive funeral services

103
Q

The main purpose of the two funerals, the Green Funeral and the Dry Funeral, carried out by the Kotas of Southern India, is to:

A

cleanse the survivors from the contamination of death

103
Q

Postmortem abuse relates to the:

A

Greek hero, Achilles, dragging the body of Trojan Hector behind his chariot; refusal of the U.S. federal government to release the body of Tatanka Yotanka (the leader of the Hunkpapa Teton Sioux nation known as Sitting Bull) for traditional funeral rituals

104
Q

Virtual memorialization is growing for:

A

pets

104
Q

Which statement is NOT true regarding Egyptian mummification?

A

The heart was placed in a carved replica of an eagle.

105
Q

The U.S. cemeteries that include “ethnic sections” within their broader cemetery grounds include:

A

Common Burying Ground in Newport, Rhode Island, and San Fernando Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas

105
Q

The national average for the typical traditional funeral in the U.S. is likely to cost between:

A

$6,000–$8,000

106
Q

The history of the New Haven Burying Ground is typical of many other colonial cemeteries in that:

A

the cemetery was repeatedly neglected and fell into ruin

106
Q

Which of the following statements about cremation is NOT accurate?

A

The rise of Protestantism increased opposition to cremation.

107
Q

A common problem with certificates of death is:

A

not specifying the actual underlying cause of death

108
Q

The funeral and memorialization process that took place for Prince Albert had the function of:

A

symbolically incorporating Prince Albert into the British Empire

109
Q

The women of Potamia, a village in northern Greece, still continue the mourning tradition of:

A

graveside laments and taking care of the grave site

110
Q

Despite mixed feelings that some Americans have about the Vietnam War, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial has had a powerful impact because it:

A

serves as a means of integrating the war and its losses into American culture

111
Q

The Vermillion Accord is part of an international effort undertaken by Native Americans and other indigenous peoples to:

A

provide universal respect to the mortal remains of the dead, and ensure for the proper disposition of one’s ancestors while allowing for the scientific studying of remains whenever the value of doing so can be demonstrated.

111
Q

Which of the following was NOT likely to be a source of motivation for the elaborate tomb designed for Ch’in, the first emperor of China?

A

He wanted to give the citizens who adored him a chance to participate in his tomb project.

death & dying (4 decks)

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