unit 1 Flashcards
personal experience with dying/death influences our:
attitudes, beliefs, feelings
one study that followed patients through their postoperative period found that:
positive religious coping styles means less pain or distress
the apprehensiveness/restlessness we carry around with us in everyday life is sometimes called:
trait anxiety
“our fears can be tracked back to our sense of vulnerability” this is at the core of what theory?
existential
studies show that people who sign organ donor cards are:
less anxious about death, more self-reliant, and feel more effective
which is NOT true about living wills?
most people in the US have initiated a living will
questions have arisen about gore in media and whether it serves to _____ death
deprersonalize
upon viewing his friend Ivan Ilych’s corpse, Peter Ivanovich:
tried to distance himself from Ilych
a study conducted in the US shows that:
people with strong religious beliefs have less fear in later years
which is NOT consistent with terror management theory?
having personal, accurate views about dying serves as protection
I fully comprehend my death but fight like hell for life. what is this called?
resistance
“it would be better if I did not let others know how I feel right now” is an example of:
selective response
_____ is a type of person who is quick to introduce a fatalistic statement.
fatalist
which is NOT true bout psychoanalytic theory?
death anxiety comes into consciousness as we learn to comprehend our own annihilation
“we can’t fear death because we can’t imagine our own” is what theory?
early psychoanalytic theory
prolongation of life was a primary mission of:
alchemy
which is NOT consistent with edge theory?
consistent with existential theory
Kastenbaum said that Hollywood portrayals of death do not emphasize:
open communication
“a touch of indigestion, that’s all” is an example of:
denial
of the 100 people Kevorkian “assisted” in death, how many were terminally ill?
less than 1/3
dying reality is acknowledged, but person stops short of realizing the whole situation to the full extent:
compartmentalizing
person is not “in denial” but simply directing their attention to what seems most important:
selective attention
this is NOT one of Kastenbaum’s criticisms regarding death anxiety scales:
studies often involve resurveying participants many times (they weren’t resurveyed)
leading cause of death in general is:
heart disease
woman was sweeping floor of a destroyed home after a tornado. this was an example of:
denial (temporary)
most self-report studies show _____ levels of death anxiety.
low to moderate
studies regarding age and death anxiety show that death anxiety:
shows either no age difference or decreases somewhat in the later adult years
a study found that those who crossed the street in a high risk-taking manner were:
amore likely to have attempted suicide in the past
most self-report studies show that:
women have higher death anxiety scores than men
the earliest childhood memory reported by most adults is an experience of:
death
hospitalized patients are most likely to be treated as socially dead if they are on a ________ trajectory
lingering
Corr’s coping theory of the dying process advocates:
recognition that the dying person is alive and attempting to cope with the situation
Most students in death education courses expect their deaths will be:
at home with loving companions
Kastenbaum’s comparison of statements, “he has passed the crisis point and has a real chance of pulling through” and “he is out of immediate danger but probably won’t survive very long,” is comparing the ________ trajectory to the ________ trajectory.
expected; lingering
while considered groundbreaking at the time, the work of Kübler-Ross has come to be regarded as limited in applicability because:
acceptance as a final stage and necessary condition for coping effectively with one’s own impending death is not always attainable or realistic, AND the concept of universal stages has led to misuse by some who prefer to oversimplify the experiences of the dying person
Corr’s four challenges in the developmental-coping mode of the dying process include all of the following EXCEPT the:
intellectual
Weisman and Worden found that hospitalized patients who died more rapidly than others with the same physical condition had:
fewer friends, more distant relationships with parents, and more often expressed the wish to die
a national survey commissioned by Last Acts found that most:
people prefer to die at home, but most die in a hospital
the last four stages in the Buddhist perspective on dying are:
a series of visionary experiences, concluding with the pure light of death.
direct care to the dying person is usually provided:
more often by women
generally, end-of-life care planning occurs among all of the groups below EXCEPT:
LBGT members
the patient who is alert, exercising some options, and about to undergo a very risky procedure that will either save or end his life is experiencing the ________ trajectory.
pointed
the hospital staff is acting with a sense of urgency and interactions between staff and family are tense. This is most likely to occur during the:
expected quick trajectory
the patient who is not in acute danger at the moment, but whose life might suddenly be threatened at any time, is experiencing the ________ trajectory.
crisis
“medicalization of dying” refers to:
the heavy surveillance that has been undertaken by the medical-bureaucratic complex of the passage from life to death
Kastenbaum believes that more aged people are dying by slowly slipping away, usually alone, partly because physicians still have a tendency to view patients’ deaths as:
a failure on their part so they avoid the patient
regarding the influence of the dying person’s age, Kastenbaum observed all of the following EXCEPT that age:
affects the order in which the person moves through the stages of dying
a 75-year-old stonemason in a geriatric hospital used ________ to communicate his eventual death by stating that he was expecting the undertaker and it was time to call his sisters, who were already dead.
crazy talk
the Kübler-Ross stages of dying are said to begin when the patient:
becomes aware of terminal condition
among the Lugbara of central Africa, a designated member of the community uttered the cere that signaled:
a shift in the communal arrangements including the redistribution of the deceased person’s assets according to traditions
the intervention phase of the SUPPORT study found that:
there was no significant improvement in communication/pain control/acceptance of patients’ preferences
Kastenbaum’s list of recommended ways physicians should “break the bad news” that a patient is dying includes all of the following EXCEPT:
giving all the facts at once
NIH conducted a recent inquiry into the status of care for terminally ill people in the United States and concluded that:
end-of-life training for all care providers is inadequate
“partial models” relates to:
a framework of 17 different models, each of which can be used to observe and respond to a specific aspect of the dying person’s situation
the Buddhist conception of life and death emphasizes the:
impermanence of human experience at all times
in terms of the time it takes nurses to respond to dying patients as compared to other patients, nurses:
take longer to respond to dying patients
the Buddhist journey toward death includes eight stages. The first four involve:
the diminishing of the senses, followed by cessation of breathing
a suggestion for improving communication with a dying person includes all of the following EXCEPT to:
help the dying person overcome denial
the SUPPORT study found that:
physicians usually misunderstood what the patients wanted with respect to CPR
hospital staff is taking the death of this patient especially hard because they had worked very hard trying to save her. This situation is most likely to occur with the:
unexpected quick trajectory
An individual who feels a “partial death” due to the loss of the ability to conceive children is experiencing:
phenomenological death
The “deathification of sex” and the “sexualization of death” are associated with the teaching of:
the book of James and other passages in the New Testament (Christianity)
A New Age view of death is most similar to the views of:
Islam
In 2008, the President’s Council on Bioethics issued a report that examined various perspectives on what is considered to be the most significant development pertaining to death up to this point in time. This phenomenon is known as:
total brain failure
The condition known to have been caused by brain damage that might be moderated or reversed is referred to as what type of vegetative state?
persistent
Which view of death emphasizes the three phases of suspension, judgment, and disposition?
waiting
The perspective that death is subject to question, challenge, and revision like any other concept refers to:
symbolic construction
The ancient Greeks personified Death (Thanatos) as a twin brother to:
Sleep (Hypnos).
The novel Frankenstein was strongly influenced by all the following EXCEPT the:
its aged author’s own preparation for death.
“What then is death? It’s not much of anything—simply one more event in a sequence that has no intrinsic meaning or value.” This view can be found in:
On the Nature of Things (Lucretius)
Which interpretation of death was associated with Mesopotamians and the ancient Greeks thousands of years ago?
Death is an enfeebled form of life.
Reincarnation, transmigration and rebirth as well as the symbolic Phoenix represent this interpretation of the death state:
cycling and recycling.
The wheel is a core symbol of life and death for those who practice:
Buddhism
“Whoever touches the dead body of anyone will be unclean for seven days.” This attitude toward death and the dead was expressed in the:
Old Testament
This interpretation of death was exemplified among ancient Egyptians and modern African groups:
Death is continuation.
Jack Kevorkian, M.D. believed that this bodily function was the most reliable way to determine if a person is dead:
the condition of the eye.
Which of the following Harvard criteria would NOT have been familiar to physicians who practiced a century ago?
No circulation to or within the brain
The position that death is not a sudden, massive event, but rather a complex process that takes place over time is promoted by:
Kenneth Iserson
The personifications of death found in the 1971 pioneering study included all of the following EXCEPT the:
time keeper
We recognize social death by observing how:
a person is treated by others
Orpheus represented:
the power of music over death
Evolutionary biology and philosophy stimulated the view of death as a time of:
perpetual development
Buddhism describes nirvana, the ultimate goal beyond the cycle of rebirths, as a state of:
nothing
A 1997 follow-up study of death personifications found that:
there has been a sharp increase in female personifications
Darwin’s shipboard experiments demonstrated thanatomimesis, which occurs when a:
live animal deliberately appears to be dead in order to avoid being killed
For more than 50 years, unresponsive patients considered as “beyond coma” have been known as having the following condition:
respirator brain
A transient vegetative state is defined by:
the cause
Personifications of death have helped people to cope with death by:
objectifying an abstract concept, expressing feelings that are difficult to put into words, and absorbing some of the shock, pain, anger, and fear that is experienced as a result of traumatic events
Mark Twain’s account of the municipal “dead house” in Munich highlighted the practice of:
using a wire to connect each corpse to a bell which would ring if any movement occurred.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), capital punishment, and right-to die debates are examples of Foucault’s notion of:
biopower.
Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein agreed that the greatest problem facing humanity was/is:
man’s aggressive instinct & man’s propensity for violence
The second leading cause of death in the U.S. today is:
cancer
Social consolidation after 9/11 WTC attack was weakened by:
delays in providing economic benefits for survivors
Floodwaters churned through the cemetery in Hardin, Missouri, during the devastating floods of 1993. In trying to recover from the effects of the flood, the community:
invested intensive effort into identifying the corpses and returning them to their designated burial places
In the book Utopia (1516), Thomas More asserted that in an ideal society:
war would be essential, but would be done in a thoughtful and cost-effective way
The Tuskegee Study is associated with all of the below EXCEPT:
participants receiving curative treatment for syphilis
The death system in the U.S., which used to focus on avoiding the topic of death, began to change:
after the end of World War II
______ is the most obvious example of a society’s death-system function of sanctioned killing.
The death penalty
Avoidance of the dying person was intensified through the nineteenth and early twentieth century because of fears associated with the suffering and contagious danger of people with:
tuberculosis.
The estimated number of years remaining in a person’s life at a particular time is known as:
life expectancy
All of the following are general categories for causes of death EXCEPT:
morbidity
Which of the following is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina in 2005?
The levees protecting New Orleans reportedly collapsed under sustained winds of up to 155 miles per hour.
Females have a higher life expectancy than males in:
Africa, Asia, Europe
Through the centuries, ______ has been the root cause of the most relentless and pitiless slaughter of human beings.
religion.
The study of death is known as:
thanatology
People in some developing regions of the world remain highly vulnerable to epidemics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
unsafe water
Which of the following is a function of the death system?
Warnings and predictions, killing, and Social consolidation after death
For individuals between 25 and 44 years of age, ______ and ______ are among the highest death risks.
accidents; suicide
It has been suggested that ethical guidelines for studying remains include all of the following EXCEPT that:
researchers should maintain legal rights to the remains they discover following consultation with relevant people and organizations
Which of the following is NOT related to the reduction of vultures in India?
reduced death anxiety because there is no longer this reminder of mortality
______ is the mode of dying that most often led to images of death as divine punishment for human vanity and pride.
The Black Death
Floodwaters churned through the cemetery in Hardin, Missouri, during the devastating floods of 1993. In trying to recover from the effects of the flood, the community:
invested intensive effort into identifying the corpses and returning them to their designated burial places
Examples of objects of the death system include all of the following EXCEPT:
slow, solemn music intoned on an organ
People who participated in the “world without death” research would agree with all of the following EXCEPT that:
society would become very liberal and quick to change
Which of the following is NOT a Supreme Court decision, made between 1977 and 2005, regarding the death penalty?
The death penalty can be applied to juvenile offenders.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Day of the Dead observances in Mexican culture?
The mood in public is somber and restrained.
Life expectancy is longest at birth in ______ and shortest in ______.
North America; Africa
December 29 is one of the “times” in the United States’ death system because it is remembered as the day:
the Sioux were massacred by cavalry at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890
Consistent with the Amish philosophy of life and death:
the coffin is placed in the house, and the funeral service is held in the house or barn
Which function of the death system includes the challenges posed to the individual and the group by the loss of a member?
social consolidation
