Unit 4 Flashcards
After a barium sulfate contrast study, what instructions should be given to the patient?
Patients should have Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone) prescribed to them in case they have an allergic reaction to the contrast 8 hours after the exam.
Patients should take nitrogylcerin to dilate the structures of the gastrointestinal system.
Drink plenty of liquids to avoid a bowel obstruction from the residual barium.
Be sure to eat a fatty meal to increase motility of the digestive system.
Drink plenty of liquids to avoid a bowel obstruction from the residual barium.
Which of the following is considered a negative contrast agent?
Carbon dioxide
Renografin
Isovue
Carbon dioxide
Contrast media that dissociates in solution is classified as:
None of these
Ionic
Nonionic
Isosmolar
Ionic
Contrast media that are nonionic, have low osmolality with a low iodine concentration, and are injected slowly tend:
to cause extravasations
to produce hygroscopic effects
to produce higher adverse reactions
to produce less adverse reactions
to produce less adverse reactions
Which item would be included in the bowel prep for an Upper GI exam?
Cleansing enema
NPO for more than 24 hours prior to the exam
Avoid chewing gum
Avoid chewing gum
The characteristic of contrast media that most describes the “thickness” or “thinness” of the contrast media is:
viscosity
osmolality
iodine concentration
toxicity
viscosity
A VCUG exam is useful for diagnosing _______
pelvis of the kidneys
urethral obstruction for males
cecum resection
small bowel obstruction
urethral obstruction for males
Which of the following body position is best for insertion of the enema tip?
Supine with feet below the level of the patient’s head
Sims position
The patient is placed prone and both knees are drawn close to the patient’s chest.
Trendelenberg position
Sims position
Which of the following listings is the most reliable predictor of risk of allergic response to contrast media?
Intradermal skin test
Seafood allergy
Allergy history
BUN level
Allergy history
Aqueous iodine compounds that are injected into the body are removed from the blood and excreted
in urine via the kidneys.
in bile via the digestive tract.
in gaseous form via the respiratory tract.
as components of sweat.
in urine via the kidneys.
What can be utilized to differentiate and enhance visualization of soft tissue structures with similar densities?
Contrast media
Methylcellulose
Epinephrine
Cleansing enema
Contrast media
ERCP stands for
-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
-external reciprocal cholangiopancreatography
-ethiodol-related circulatory pathology.
-enteroclysis retrograde catheterization and paracentesis.
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Which of the following lab values are within normal range for IV iodinated contrast media administration?
1. BUN 10 mg/dL
2. Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL
3. GFR 100
3 only
1 and 3
None of these lab values are within acceptable limits
1, 2 and 3
1 and 3
BUN: 6-20 mg/dL
Creatinine: 0.6-1.5 mg/dL
GFR: 90-120 mL/min/1.73 m^2
True or False
Iodinated contrast is described as hygroscopic.
False
Barium sulfate is hygroscopic (absorbs water, can solidify)
Iodinated contrast is described as aqueous.
During a barium enema exam, what is the recommended level the barium enema bag containing barium should be placed?
18 inches above the table
12-15 inches above the table
18 inches below the table
24-30 inches above the table
24-30 inches above the table
When a contrast medium is described as aqueous, this means that
it is in the form of a gas and provides negative contrast.
water is the principal solvent for the iodine compound.
it is a nonionic iodinated medium
the medium is isosmolar.
water is the principal solvent for the iodine compound.
An intrathecal injection is a direct injection into the
common bile duct.
spinal canal.
peritoneal cavity.
urinary bladder.
spinal canal
A T-Tube is primarily used for _____.
Inject contrast to visualize the pelvis of the kidneys
Visualize a fistula in the common bile duct
As a drain for bile until the postsurgical edema in the common bile duct heals
Draining the chest cavity
As a drain for bile until the postsurgical edema in the common bile duct heals
T-Tube- flexible rubber tube is about the size of a drinking straw in the shape of a T, is sometimes left temprarily in the patient after surgical cholecystectomy (removal of gallbladder)
Which contrast media and route is most appropriate to carry out a myelogram exam?
Barium sulfate for intrathecal use
Iodinated contrast media for intrathecal use
Air or carbon dioxide for rectal use
Iodinated contrast media for enteral use
Iodinated contrast media for intrathecal use
Myelogram- an examination using contrast media to visualize the internal surfaces of the spinal canal.
An abnormal passageway connecting two structures is known as a(n):
bolus
dysphagia
fistula
stricture
fistula
Radiographers working in the OR:
1. are required to wear sterile scrub clothes
2. are required to wear a hair cover that covers their head and beard (if present)
3. are required to wear a mask covering the mouth and nose
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
1 and 3
1 only
2 and 3
How should a non-sterile surgical team member pass by a team member dressed in sterile attire?
Pass behind them
Only team members wearing sterile attire may pass by one another.
Pass in front of them
Non-sterile members may not pass by team members in sterile attire.
Pass behind them
A KUB has been ordered for an ICU patient. How should the radiographer carry out this exam?
1. The technologist needs to speak with the nurse and inquire about any necessary precautions.
2. The technologist will need a portable x-ray machine, IR, and portable grid.
3. The technologist needs to confirm the bottom of the bed is radiolucent.
1 only
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 2
A Port-A-Cath is:
1. a short term non-tunneled catheter
2. used to monitor patient pressures
3. inserted in the arm
None of these
1 and 2
1, 2 and 3
2 and 3
None of these
Port-A-Cath- long term, used for patients who need intermittent infusion of medication or chemotherapy, blood transfusions, or the sampling of blood from the superior vena cava.
Surgically implanted and sutured under the skin of the upper chest or arm
A patient has orders for a 2 view chest x-ray to check the lead placement of their pacemaker that was implanted 24 hours earlier. How should the radiographer carry out this exam?
Perform the routine 2 view chest x-ray, without raising the patient’s left arm.
Perform a normal, routine 2 view chest x-ray in the radiology department.
Take the c-arm to the patient’s room and acquire a PA and Lateral projection.
Request the order be changed for a portable PA chest x-ray only because the patient will still be groggy from the anesthesia and unable to stand.
Perform the routine 2 view chest x-ray, without raising the patient’s left arm.
A patient in the NICU requires a chest x-ray. How should the radiographer carry out this exam?
Communicate and work with the NICU staff member to quickly obtain the image while minimizing time without the warmer.
Wipe down the imaging equipment when exiting the NICU.
Place the IR directly under the patient to avoid any artifacts from the patient’s blankets.
Leave the warmer in place. Place the IR in the sliding tray under the open incubator and place the x-ray tube under the incubator in alignment with the IR.
Communicate and work with the NICU staff member to quickly obtain the image while minimizing time without the warmer.
A portable chest x-ray has been ordered for a patient on a mechanical ventilator. How should the radiographer complete this exam?
Take the image when the ventilator has moved air into the patient’s lungs.
Pay no attention to the patient’s breathing and make the exposure when it is convenient.
Ask the nurse to turn off the ventilator when the patient’s lungs are fully expanded and then, take the image.
Instruct the patient to take a deep breath in and hold it.
Take the image when the ventilator has moved air into the patient’s lungs.
An example of a short term, non-tunneled catheter used to administer medications and fluids while allowing for blood draws is the:
PICC line
Dobbhoff
Port a cath
Swan-Ganz
PICC line
Dobbhoff- nasogastric feeding tube
Port-A-Cath- long term, used for patients who need intermittent infusion of medication or chemotherapy, blood transfusions, or the sampling of blood from the superior vena cava.
Swan-Ganz- pulmonary catherter, measures cardiac output, the pressures on the right side of the heart, and, indirectly, the left heart and lung pressures.
A surgical opening made into the trachea with placement of a tube to establish a temporary or permanent airway is a
tracheostomy.
tracheotomy.
tracheoscopy.
tracheoplasty.
tracheostomy.
The tip of a properly placed CVC catheter is located:
in the trachea above the carina
in the small intestine
in the aorta
in the SVC near the right atrium
in the SVC near the right atrium
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a nasogastric tube?
Administer medications
Feeding
Blood transfusion
Removing gas
Blood transfusion
The sterile members of the surgical team include the
1. surgeon.
2. scrub nurse.
3. anesthesiologist.
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Surgical team includes:
Surgeon
Assistant to the surgeon
Scrub nurse (Surg tech)
Which of the following surgical procedures may involve radiographic or fluoroscopic imaging?
1. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
2. Ureteral stent placement
3. Foreign body localization
4. Appendectomy
1 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3 only
1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 3 only
The purpose of a Swan-Ganz catheter is to
monitor cardiac function.
drain the thoracic cavity.
facilitate the administration of chemotherapy.
facilitate the drawing of blood for testing.
monitor cardiac function.
The area designated as the sterile corridor is the
hallway leading to the surgical suite.
hallway just outside the operating room(s).
area between the patient drape and the instrument table.
area between the patient drape and the x-ray equipment.
area between the patient drape and the instrument table.
True or False
The use of a C-arm is useful during open fracture reduction procedures
True
True or False
Never attempt to alter a patent’s orthopedic traction when performing an x-ray examination
True
True or False
When imaging neonates in the NICU, the radiographer can handle the incubator without a nurse or physician present
False
True or False
The NG tube may also be used to administer medication and for the radiographic examination of the stomach
True
The radiographer draws up a thin barium mixture or oral aqueous iodine solution into a large syringe; gloves are worn, the syringe is connected to the NG tube, and the radiologist (or radiographer for some studies) slowly instills the contrast under fluoroscopic control.
Special care units include
- ICU
- ER
- EVS
- PICU/NICU
1, 2, 3, and 4
Which is one of the many patient preps for a barium study?
Clear liquid diet
NPO for 48 hours
Clear liquid diet
Cleansing enema bags should be
18” above the level of the table
24-30” above the level of the table
18” above the level of the table
Contractions that propel food through the digestive tract is
Dialysis
Peristalsis
Peristalsis
Upper GI studies can diagnose
Gall stones
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia
Barium sulfate is considered
Water soluble
Hygroscopic
Hygroscopic
A form of radiolucent contrast media is
Carbon dioxide
Renografin
Carbon dioxide
After a myelogram, patients should be
Prone 4-8 hours after the exam
Supine 4-8 hours after the exam
Trendelenberg for 4-8 hours after the exam
Supine 4-8 hours after the exam
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) uses which mobile device
C-arm
Portable x-ray unit
C-arm
ERCP is a fiberoptic examination of the common bile duct performed with an endoscope.
A common exam performed in the NICU is
Babygram
Skull
Hip
Clavicle
Babygram
Myelogram uses which type of contrast
High osmolar contrast
Non-ionic contrast
Non-ionic contrast
When scheduling barium studies
Non contrast studies should be scheduled after barium studies
Non contrast studies should be scheduled at the same time
Should be scheduled last in any series of imaging procedures
Should be scheduled a week after non contrast studies
Should be scheduled last in any series of imaging procedures
For a more accurate result, thyroid tests are scheduled
At least 3 weeks after iodinated contrast media is given
At least 3 hours after iodinated contrast media is given
3 days after iodinated contrast media is given
Immediately after iodinated contrast media is given
At least 3 weeks after iodinated contrast media is given
Barium studies, such as Upper GIs, are not scheduled after an endoscopy because ______.
The patient is still asleep
The patient is given a muscle relaxant that could cause them to aspirate
No restrictions, the patient can be scheduled on the same day
The patient did not get a laxative in the morning
The patient is given a muscle relaxant that could cause them to aspirate
Patient preparation for barium studies include:
1. A clear liquid diet
2. Cathartics
3. Taking Benadryl 4 hours before examination
1 only
2 only
1 and 2
1 and 3
1 and 2
Cleansing enema bags should be placed ____
18” below the level of the table
24” above the level of the table
18” above the level of the table
24” below the level of the table
18” above the level of the table
The recommended temperature of tap water for a cleansing enema is
100 degrees F
110 degrees F
105 degrees F
95 degrees F
105 degrees F
The best position used while inserting an enema tip is
Sims
Fowler
Prone
Decubitus
Sims
A clear diet is recommended in order to ensure there is no residue in the intestines
True
False
True
A characteristic used to describe barium sulfate is
Soluble
Osmolar
Hygroscopic
Iodinated
Hygroscopic
Contractions that propel food through the digestive tract is:
Fistula
Viscosity
Peristalsis
Varices
Peristalsis
A common reason for performing esophagram is
IBD
GERD
IBS
VCUG
GERD
Upper GI studies are performed to diagnose
Neoplasm
Gastritis
Hiatal hernia
All of the above
All of the above
A protrusion of a portion of the stomach in to the thoracic cavity is referred to as:
Diverticula
Hiatal hernia
Dysphagia
Peristalsis
Hiatal hernia
All are a method of barium sulfate administration except:
Oral
Rectal
NG
IV
IV
A condition of partial or complete blockage of the digestive tract that may be caused by scar tissue is:
Bowel obstruction
Diverticulosis
Polyps
Crohn disease
Bowel obstruction
What concerns arise when using barium for GI contrast studies?
It can thicken and solidify if not mixed properly
No concerns with using barium
It can cause an allergic reaction
It can help cleanse the bowels
It can thicken and solidify if not mixed properly
When is the use of barium contraindicated?
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Perforations in the GI tract
Hiatal hernia
Perforations in the GI tract
A double contrast study uses which items?
Blood and barium
Barium and air
Iodinated contrast and barium
Barium and omnipaque
Barium and air
Glucagon may be given to slow peristalsis
True
False
True
Which studies require the use of barium contrast?
1. Upper GI
2. Small Bowel Series
3. Myelogram
1 only
1 and 2
2 and 3
All of the above
1 and 2
Iodinated contrast medium may be administered
1. IV
2. Oral
3. Intrathecal
1 and 3
1 and 2
2 and 3
All of the above
All of the above
Iodinated contrast media are
Aqueous
Hygroscopic
Radiolucent
Negative contrast
Aqueous
Before administering iodinated contrast to patients, radiographers must check
1. BUN
2. Creatinine
3. GFR
1 only
2 only
2 and 3
All of the above
All of the above
An example of an isosmolar iodinated contrast media is
Renografin
Hypaque
Visipaque
Cystografin
Visipaque
Patients may need to withheld from taking medications containing metformin before or after contrast administration
True
False
True
Metformin- used to treat high blood sugar levels that are caused by a type of diabetes mellitus or sugar diabetes
What is the preferred contrast media for a myelogram?
Nonionic contrast agent
Ionic contrast agent
Cystografin
High osmolar contrast media
Nonionic contrast agent
Post myelogram, patient care instructions include:
1. Supine for the first 4-8 hours
2. Head elevated
3. Prone and trendelenberg
1 only
2 only
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 2
A type of study used to detect injury and disease of the joint cartilage as well as the joint capsule is also known as
Arthrography
Myelography
Cholangiography
Urography
Arthrography
What are the two types of portable imaging equipment?
Mobile radiographic unit and C-arm
C-arm and portable MRI
Mobile radiographic unit only
CT and Fluoro
Mobile radiographic unit and C-arm
Special care units designed for patients whose status and treatment require frequent monitoring are:
ER
PACU
ICU/CCU
Endoscopy
ICU/CCU
Radiation protection is not necessary during mobile radiography
True
False
False
Orthopedic traction may not be adjusted to complete the x-ray procedure
True
False
True
Any bedside radiographic exam requires
1. Checking with the nurse to inquire about the patient’s condition
2. Confirming orders in the patient’s chart
3. Dismissing a patient’s visitor for the duration of the examination
3 only
1 and 2
2 and 3
All of the above
All of the above
When an alarm is activated while positioning the patient
Check the patient’s condition before calling the nurse
Silence the alarm and continue
Turn the monitor off
All of the above
Check the patient’s condition before calling the nurse
You often find patients on backboards, belligerent, and altered mental status in
NICU
ER
PACU
CCU
ER
Protective protection may be required for procedures in the NICU
True
False
True
Enclosed incubators are used in the
CCU
ICU
NICU
PACU
NICU
Patients in the NICU may require a chest x-ray to evaluate
Hiatal hernia
Newborn atelectasis
Clavicle fracture
Reflux
Newborn atelectasis
Patients that need mechanical assistance with respiration are
Placed on a ventilator
Given a chest tube
Placed on an orthostatic traction
Given an NG tube
Placed on a ventilator
Which characteristic of iodine contrast determines its opacity?
Iodine concentration
Viscosity
Osmolality
Toxicity
Iodine concentration
A type of catheter that can measure cardiac output is
PICC line catheter
Swan-Ganz catheter
Pacemaker
Urinary catheter
Swan-Ganz catheter
Catheters that can facilitate administration of chemotherapy, drug therapy, and blood transfusions are
Swan-Ganz catheters
Central venous catheters
PICC line catheters
Endotracheal catheters
Central venous catheters
What is the purpose of a chest tube?
Remove bile from the common bile duct
Drain urine for measurement
Remove air or fluid in the pleural cavity
Remove contrast from large colon
Remove air or fluid in the pleural cavity
All are considered part of the sterile surgical team except
Radiology tech
Surgical tech
Surgeon
Assistant physician
Radiology tech
What attire should a radiographer wear when working in the OR?
1. Surgical hat
2. Mask
3. Shoe covers
1, 2, and 3
1 only
3 only
1 and 2
1, 2, and 3
A C-arm is used to provide fluoroscopic guidance in the OR
True
False
True
A common radiography procedure in the OR is
ERCP
Cholecystectomy
VCUG
Barium enema
Cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy- surgery to remove your gallbladder
Non sterile personnel in the OR should
Cross in front of sterile to get to their location
Pass behind them rather than in front
Pass through the sterile corridor
High five the sterile personnel after x-rays are performed
Pass behind them rather than in front
A procedure performed in the OR that uses laser, ultrasound, or some other energy is
Lithotripsy
ORIF
Hardware fixation
Open reduction
Lithotripsy
Lithotripsy- a technique for treating stones in the kidney and ureter that does not require surgery.
Radiographs are useful after an OR exam in order to locate surgical sponges
True
False
True
