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Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A nosocomial infection is a/an:

A type of rhinitis
Infection acquired in the hospital
Upper respiratory infection
Infection acquired at a wedding

A

Infection acquired in the hospital

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2
Q

Contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood that transport microorganisms is referred to as a:

Vector
Reservoir
Fomite
Vehicle

A

Vehicle

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3
Q

Microorganisms that cause infections and diseases are called:

Pathogens
Toxins
None of these
Allergens

A

Pathogens

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4
Q

Passive immunity is immunity that occurs as a result of:

An infection with a specific organism
Intact skin and mucous membranes
An injection of preformed antibodies
Lysozyme in human tears

A

An injection of preformed antibodies

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5
Q

The portal of entry describes the:

Reservoir of place where the pathogen resides
Carrier of the pathogen
Method by which the pathogen enters the body
Method by which the pathogen exits the body

A

Method by which the pathogen enters the body

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6
Q

The portal of exit describes the:

Method by which the pathogen enters the body
Reservoir or place where the pathogen resides
Method by which the pathogen exits the body
Carrier of the pathogen

A

Method by which the pathogen exits the body

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7
Q

The term reservoir of infection refers to the:

Method by which the pathogen enters the body
Method by which the pathogen leaves the body
Individual with reduced natural resistance to infection
Place where the pathogen resides

A

Place where the pathogen resides

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8
Q

When is it recommended that hand washing be performed in place of alcohol-based hand rubs?

Before patient contact
Following contact with objects in the vicinity of the patient
When hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood
Before donning gloves

A

When hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood

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9
Q

Which of the following is not usually considered a portal of entry for pathogenic organisms?

mouth
nose
rectum
wound

A

rectum

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10
Q

Which microorganisms are classified according to their shape and staining process?

bacteria
fungi
prions
protozoa

A

bacteria

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11
Q

One type of microorganism is very difficult to treat medically because there are few effective medications and those are effective for only a limited number of organisms. This statement refers to:

bacteria
viruses
protozoa
fungi

A

viruses

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12
Q

Which of the following are involved in the cycle of infection?

  1. Pathogen
  2. Mode of transmission
  3. Susceptible host
A

1, 2, and 3

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13
Q

Infectious proteins are synonymous with:

fungi
protozoa
viruses
bacteria
prions

A

prions

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14
Q

Properties of pathogens that distinguish them from normal flora are called:

endospores
virulence factors
capsids
vectors

A

virulence factors

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15
Q

When an infection causes the body to produce an inflammatory response, white blood cells engulf microorganisms in a process called:

envoloped viruses
vehicle transmission
endospore production
phagocytosis

A

phagocytosis

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16
Q

Precautions for the compromised patient may include:

  1. cleaning equipment before entering room.
  2. hand hygiene before entering the room.
  3. the use of masks, gowns, and sometimes gloves.
A

1, 2, and 3

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17
Q

Reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual is called:

sepsis
medical asepsis
surgical asespsis
sterilization

A

medical asepsis

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18
Q

Which of the following describes the proper procedure for disposal of a safety needle and syringe following use?

Recap the needle, do not remove from syringe, and dispose of syringe in a sharps container.

Recap needle, remove from syringe, discard syringe in garbage, and dispose of needle in sharps container.

Retract needle, do not remove from syringe, and dispose of syringe in a sharps container.

A

Retract the needle, do not remove it from syringe, and dispose of the syringe in a sharps container

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19
Q

Which set of transmission-based precautions is used for patients with multidrug-resistant wound infections?

airborne precautions
droplet precautions
contact precautions
combination airborne and contact precautions

A

contact precautions

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20
Q

Which of the following statements does not meet infection control guidelines regarding the handling of patient linens?

Soiled linens should be shaken to remove loose material before being placed in the hamper.

No item should be used for more than one patient without being laundered first.

Fold the edges of used linens to the middle without shaking or flapping.

Used linen is considered contaminated even when no soil is apparent.

A

Soiled linens should be shaken to remove loose material before being placed in the hamper.

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21
Q

A microorganism free area prepared for the use of sterile supplies and equipment is referred to as:

Non-sterile field
Sterile field
Contaminated field
Surgical autoclaving

A

Sterile field

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22
Q

Radiography of isolation patient requires two people, the “clean” member:

is required to touch the patient

has no direct contact with the patient, bed, or any items patients may have touched

positions the patient

positions the image receptor on the patient

A

has no direct contact with the patient, bed, or any items patients may have touched

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23
Q

Packages are considered sterile if they meet the following criteria:

  1. The expiration date has not been exceeded
  2. The sterility indicators have changed to a predetermined color.
  3. The package is clean, dry, unopened, and unpunctured
A

1, 2, and 3

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24
Q

The simplest and most common method of testing for TB infection is the:

immunosuppressant therapy
PPD test
HPV test
PEP test

A

PPD test

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25
Q

Sterile technique is necessary during:

application of surgical dressing
preparing instruments for chemical sterilization
removal of surgical dressing
performing hand hygiene

A

application of surgical dressing

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26
Q

True or False

Protective Precautions are designed to prevent the spread of infections to compromised patients

A

True

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27
Q

Which of the following methods of sterilization is a safer method of sterilizing heat-and moisture-sensitive items in hospitals?

autoclaving
gas plasma technology
ethylene oxide
water

A

gas plasma technology

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28
Q

Hand hygiene refers to decontamination of the hands using:

  1. soap and water.
  2. alcohol-based hand rubs.
  3. an antiseptic hand wash.
A

All of the above

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29
Q

True or False

Medically aseptic handwashing is the least easy and least effective method to control the transmission of infections

A

False

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30
Q

The Principles of Aseptic Technique include:

  1. Only sterile items are used within a sterile field
  2. Only the top surface of a draped table is considered sterile
  3. Articles of doubtful sterility are considered unsterile
A

1,2, and 3

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31
Q

True or False

Steam sterilizatin by means of an autoclave is the most common and most effective method for most surgical instruments and trays

A

True

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32
Q

An awareness of sterile technique and the responsibility for telling the person in charge whenever you contaminate a field or onserve its contamination by someone else is known as

“Clean” tech
“Dirty” tech
Sterile conscience
Sterile obedience

A

Sterile conscience

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33
Q

When opening a sterile pack, the first corner of the wrap is opened

toward you
away from you
to the right
to the left

A

Away from you

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34
Q

Which of the following describes the proper procedure for the disposal of a needle and syringe following use?

Do not recap the needle, do not remove the syringe, and dispose both in a sharps container

Recap the needle, remove the syringe, and dispose of both in a sharps

Recap the needle, do not remove the syringe, and dispose of syringe in a sharps container

A

Do not recap the needle, do not remove the syringe, and dispose both in a sharps container

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35
Q

After removing a dressing, which two are required for proper disposal?

  1. Drop it into an incinerator
  2. Drop it in the trash
  3. Seal it in a plastic bag.
  4. Drop it in a biohazard container
A

3 and 4

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36
Q

Standard precautions apply to

  1. Blood
  2. All body fluids
  3. Non intact skin
A

1, 2, and 3

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37
Q

Treatment used to make an item germ-free is called

sterilization
disinfection
asepsis
microbial dilution

A

sterilization

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38
Q

Sterilization is essential to

surgical asepsis
isolation
medical asepsis
PPE

A

surgical asepsis

Sterilization- treatment of items with heat, gas, or chemicals to make them germ-free.

surgical asepsis- creating and maintaining an area that is completely free of pathogens.

medical asepsis- reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual.

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39
Q

The process that involves the immersion and soaking of clean objects in a bath of germicidal solution is

Gas plasma technology
Autoclaving
Chemical sterilization
Conventional gas sterilization

A

Chemical sterilization

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40
Q

Which of the listed sterilization methods requires that items be aerated before they can be dispensed for use?

chemical sterilization
conventional gas sterilization
autoclaving
gas plasma sterilization

A

conventional gas sterilization

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41
Q

Side rails should be used when:

  1. patients have been given sedation
  2. they are being transported on a gurney
  3. they are unattended in an elevated position
A

1, 2, and 3

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42
Q

You are required to use two identifiers to ensure the accuracy of patient identification. Which two of the following methods are acceptable for this purpose?

  1. Check the patient’s arm band.
  2. Ask the patient to state his or her full name and date of birth
  3. Speak the patient’s name and see if he or she responds.
A

1 and 2

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43
Q

Electrical equipment used on or near patients must

  1. be approved for hospital use.
  2. have grounded plugs.
  3. be inspected regularly and repaired if needed.
A

1, 2, and 3

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44
Q

A gait belt is used to

assist a weak patient to stand and walk.
hold a patient securely in a wheelchair.
maneuver a slider board.
provide safety on a stretcher.

A

assist a weak patient to stand and walk.

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45
Q

_______is the study of the human body in relation to the working environment for the purpose of preventing injuries

base of support
economics
line of gravity
ergonomics

A

ergonomics

46
Q

All of the following apply to the correct use of a fire extinguisher, except:

Pull the pin and squeeze the handle.
Steadily aim at the hottest area of the fire.
Use a side-to-side sweeping motion.
The nozzle pointed at the base of the fire

A

Steadily aim at the hottest area of the fire.

47
Q

Which of the following is not one of the 2019 National Patient Safety Goals?

Improve staff communication
Identify patients correctly
Use the least amount of radiation to obtain a quality radiographic image
Use alarms safely

A

Use the least amount of radiation to obtain a quality radiographic image

48
Q

When transferring a patient using the slider board, where should the patient’s hands be placed?

Under their pelvis
Folded across their chest
Down by their side
Behind their head

A

Folded across their chest

49
Q

Precautions for Patients With Hip Replacements surgery via the anterior approach include:

  1. Avoid internal or external rotation
  2. Avoid hyperextension
  3. Must not flex hip beyond 90 degrees
50
Q

The preferred method to transfer a patient suffering from an acute spinal trauma between the ER to the Radiology department is using a(n):

ambulation
any of these are acceptable.
stretcher
wheelchair

51
Q

An imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity is the:

Line of gravity
Center of Body Weight
Base of Support
Midcoronal plane

A

Line of gravity

52
Q

When transferring a patient who has suffered a stroke and is weak on one side into a wheelchair, the healthcare worker should:

position the patient’s weak side closest to the bed when moving them from the wheel chair to the bed.

position them self on the patient’s weak side.

position them self on the patient’s strong side.

None of these

A

position them self on the patient’s weak side.

53
Q

Patients who feel faint after rising too quickly may have:

None of these
orthodontic hypertension
orthopedic hypotension
orthostatic hypotension

A

orthostatic hypotension

54
Q

Fire marshals state that common infractions of fire safety rules in hospitals involve

  1. improper storage of flammables.
  2. fire doors blocked open.
  3. unapproved extension cords.
  4. storing equipment in corridors.
A

1, 2, 3, and 4

55
Q

In the event of a chemical spill, the _____ should be referenced to direct the employee about how to handle the spill safely.

NPSG
MSDS
OSHA
JCHAO

56
Q

The acronym RACE:

is used to help people remember how to use a fire extinguisher.

is used to indicate required equipment and procedure of safe handling in the event of a chemical spill.

stands for Route, Alarm, Cover, Evacuate

stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate

A

stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate

57
Q

True or False

All radiographers should be aware of the locations of fire extinguishers and instructed in their use.

58
Q

Which of the following items are not an essential part of a “spill kit”?

Kitty litter
Heavy plastic bags
Rags and sponges
Broom and dustpan

A

Rags and sponges

59
Q

The first step you should follow in assisting a patient from a wheelchair to the x-ray table is to

position the wheelchair parallel to the table and lock the brakes.

fold up the footrests.

lower the table to chair height.

assist the patient to a standing position.

A

position the wheelchair parallel to the table and lock the brakes.

60
Q

Identify the true statement.

Employees are encouraged to pull or lift heavy objects to minimize injury.

A narrow stance with the load held away from the body optimizes the base of support.

When lifting, the back should be bent and twisted.

When possible, radiographers should raise the x-ray table to a height that is comfortable to them after the patient gets onto the table.

A

When possible, radiographers should raise the x-ray table to a height that is comfortable to them after the patient gets onto the table.

61
Q

The acronym AIDET stands for:

Acquire, Inform, Deliver, Explain, Time
Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, Thanks
Assess, Introduce, Decide, Evacuate, Temperature
Acknowledge, Introduce, Dose, Emergency, Trauma

A

Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, Thanks

62
Q

An ambulatory patient is one who:

Is unable to walk
Is able to walk
Arrives in an ambulance
Has difficulty breathing
B & C

A

Is able to walk

63
Q

Which of the following are NOT microorganisms?

Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Fomites

64
Q

Passive immunity is immunity that occurs as a result of:

Intact skin and mucous membranes
Lysozyme in human tears
An injection of preformed antibodies
An infection with a specific organism

A

An injection of preformed antibodies

65
Q

The term diaphoretic means:

Cool
Feverish
Cyanotic
Sweating

66
Q

Contact isolation is indicated when the patient has which of the following?

Influenza
Measles
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Wound infections

A

Wound infections

67
Q

When taking a radiograph of a patient with a contagious disease, the “dirty” technologists positions the:

  1. Patient
  2. Covered image receptor
  3. Radiographic equipment
A

1 and 2 only

68
Q

Ventricular tachycardia (Vtach):

Demonstrates a normal heart rate
Demonstrates an abnormally slow heart rate
Demonstrates a heart rate between 150-250 bpm
None of the above

A

Demonstrates a heart rate between 150-250 bpm

69
Q

A gait belt is used to:

Assist a weak patient to stand and walk.
Hold a patient securely in a wheelchair.
Maneuver a slider board.
Provide safety on a stretcher.

A

Assist a weak patient to stand and walk.

70
Q

A multidrawered cabinet on wheels that contains medications, supplies, and equipment needed in the event of a cardiac arrest is called a(n):

Emergency cart
Defibrillator
Trauma chest
Team support vehicle

A

Emergency cart

71
Q

The most common cause of back strain is:

Bending and twisting while lifting.
Lifting more than 30 pounds.
Lifting while keeping the back straight.
Pushing heavy equipment on wheels.

A

Bending and twisting while lifting.

72
Q

_____________ is a mild reduction in the oxygen supply to the brain that occurs with changes in body position.

Bradypnea
Dyspnea
Orthostatic hypotension
None of the above

A

Orthostatic hypotension

73
Q

The portal of entry describes the:

Route by which the pathogen enters the body
Route by which the pathogen exits the body
Reservoir where the pathogen resides
Carrier of the pathogen

A

Route by which the pathogen enters the body

74
Q

_________ Precautions are designed to prevent the spread of infections to compromised patients.

Isolation
Standard
Protective
Universal

A

Protective

75
Q

Contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood that transport microorganisms is referred to as:

Reservoir
Vehicle
Fomite
Vector

76
Q

The portal of exit describes the:

Route by which the pathogen enters the body
Route by which the pathogen exits the body
Reservoir or place where the pathogen resides
Carrier of the pathogen

A

Route by which the pathogen exits the body

77
Q

Standard Precautions apply to:

  1. Blood
  2. Intact skin
  3. Mucous membranes
  4. All body fluids
A

1, 3, and 4 only

78
Q

When does the CDC recommend hand washing in place of the use of alcohol-based hand rubs?

When hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood.
Before patient contact
Before donning gloves
Following contact with objects in the vicinity of the patient

A

When hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood.

79
Q

You should not use your thumb to take a pulse because:

A stethoscope is needed for accuracy.

Your fingers are more sensitive.

The pulse in your thumb may be felt instead of the patient’s pulse.

You may not detect a weak pulse with your thumb.

A

The pulse in your thumb may be felt instead of the patient’s pulse

80
Q

The T wave of the cardiac cycle represents:

Ventricular depolarization
Ventricular recovery (repolarization)
Ventricular contraction
None of the above

A

Ventricular recovery (repolarization)

81
Q

When a patient is unable to clear the mouth and throat of secretions, blood, or vomitus the emergency treatment most likely needed is:

Oxygen administration
Medication administration
Suction
Tracheotomy

82
Q

A warm, moist place, such as the human body, where microorganisms can grow and reproduce is called a:

Portal of entry.
Susceptible host.
Reservoir of infection
Carrier of the pathogen.

A

Reservoir of infection

83
Q

The acronym PASS is a helpful way to remember:

The basic principles of body mechanics
The steps for using a fire extinguisher
The steps for preparing a patient for transport
The steps involved in cleaning up a hazardous spill

A

The steps for using a fire extinguisher

84
Q

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be categorized as stage 1 hypertension?

115/75
120/80
140/90
160/100

85
Q

Rectal temperatures may be contraindicated because:

They are embarrassing
The procedure may stimulate the vagus nerve
They are less accurate
Rectal temperature is higher than oral temperature

A

The procedure may stimulate the vagus nerve

86
Q

When a patient is experiencing tachypnea, the patient is breathing more than:

10 breaths/min
15 breaths/min
20 breaths/min
12 breaths/min

A

20 breaths/min

87
Q

A patient placed under airborne precautions requires a bedside chest radiograph. The technologist must follow standard precautions and must don:

A surgical mask
A particulate respirator
A gown and gloves
A gown, gloves, and surgical mask

A

A particulate respirator (N95 Mask)

88
Q

A normal oxygen saturation value is represented by which of the following percentages?

65% to 75%
75% to 85%
85% to 95%
95% to 100%

A

95% to 100%

percentage of oxygen in your blood

89
Q

Which of the following is indicative of atrial contraction and the beginning of depolarization?

The P wave
The R wave
The T wave
The U wave

A

The P wave

Together, the Q, R, and S waves are called the QRS complex, which represents ventricular contraction.

The P wave indicates contraction of the atria and the beginning of depolarization (change in the electrical charge).

The space between the P wave and the R wave is called the P-R interval and represents the time from the beginning of the atrial contraction to the beginning of the ventricular contraction.

The S-T segment indicates the time between ventricular contraction and the beginning of ventricular recovery.
The T wave represents ventricular recovery, repolarization (restoring the electrical charge).

After the T wave, the tracing shows a straight line indicating the heart’s resting period.

90
Q

A patient diagnosed with a contagious respiratory infection is being transported to the radiology department. Which of the following must be done to prevent transmission of the patient’s infection?

The patient must wear a mask.
The radiographer must wear a mask.
The patient must wear an isolation gown.
The radiographer must wear gloves.

A

The patient must wear a mask.

91
Q

The four levels of consciousness (LOC’s) are described as:

  1. Alert and conscious
  2. Drowsy but responsive
  3. Drowsy but unresponsive
  4. Unconscious but reactive to painful stimuli
  5. Comatose
  6. Unconscious and non-reactive to painful stimuli
A

1, 2, 4, 5

92
Q

A good sterile conscience is necessary to:

Understand research results concerning advances in surgical technique

Make sure that all lab results are checked prior to surgery

Ensure that there are no compromises in the principles of aseptic technique

Determine where the sterile field is located

A

Ensure that there are no compromises in the principles of aseptic technique

93
Q

True or False

Medically aseptic handwashing is an easy and effective method to control the transmission of infections.

A

True - pg 170

94
Q

Prior to entering a contact isolation room with a mobile x-ray unit, the technologist must:

a. Don your lead apron
b. Don appropriate PPE
c. Enclose IR in a protective cover
d. All of the above
e. B & C only

A

All of the above – pg 178

95
Q

In your textbook, the normal adult values for BUN and Creatinine are identified as:

7-18 mg/dL BUN; 0.6-1.3 mg/dL Creatinine
6-10 mg/dL BUN; 0.2-1.3 mg/dL Creatinine
7-18 mg/dL BUN; 05.-1.2 mg/dL Creatinine
None of the above

A

7-18 mg/dL BUN; 0.6-1.3 mg/dL Creatinine – pg 237 Table 13.3

96
Q

Precautions for the compromised patient may include:

  1. cleaning equipment before entering room.
  2. hand hygiene before entering the room.
  3. the use of masks, gowns, and gloves.
A

1, 2, and 3 pgs 183-184

97
Q

The Principles of Asepsis include:

  1. Never leave a sterile area unattended.
  2. It is safe to pass between the physician and the sterile field
  3. If you suspect an item is contaminated, discard it.
A

1 and 3 only pg 194 Box 11.1

98
Q

The normal adult oral temperature identified in your textbook is:

a. 37° F
b. 37° C
c. 98.6° F
d. 94.2° F
e. b & c

A

B & C – pg 230

99
Q

A nosocomial infection is a/an:

Infection acquired at a wedding
Upper respiratory infection
Type of wound infection
Infection acquired in the hospital
A type of rhinitis

A

Infection acquired in the hospital – pgs 154,163

100
Q

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Rules of Body Mechanics?

Use a wide base of support.
Keep your load out beyond the front of the body.
Bend your knees when you lift heavy objects.
Avoid pulling or lifting heavy objects

A

Keep your load out beyond the front of your body – pg 129 Box 7-4

101
Q

Which of the following are involved in the cycle of infection?

  1. Pathogen
  2. Mode of transmission
  3. Susceptible host
A

1, 2, and 3 – pg 154 Fig 9-6

102
Q

An instrument that measures heart rate and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is called a(n):

Oxygen perfusion monitor
Digital cardio-oximeter
Pulse oximeter
Pedal pulsometer

A

Pulse oximeter – pg 240

103
Q

When patients who suffer from a chronic lung disease, such as emphysema, experience respiratory distress, they should receive:

No Oxygen
A low flow rate of oxygen (2 L/min or less)
Oxygen at the rate of 3 to 5 L/min
CPR

A

A low flow rate of oxygen (2 L/min or less) - pg 301

104
Q

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an inexpensive environmental surface germicide that is effective against HIV is a solution of:

1 part Lysol to 10 parts water
1 part sodium hypochlorite (bleach) to 10 parts water
Soap and water
Isopropyl alcohol

A

1 part sodium hypochlorite (bleach) to 10 parts water – Ch 9 ppt, slide #21

105
Q

In the language of body mechanics, the base of support refers to:

The floor

The bottom of an object being lifted

A line between the points of contact with a horizontal surface

A perpendicular line through the center of gravity

A

A line between the points of contact with a horizontal surface – pg 129

106
Q

A measure of the pumping action of the heart muscle is known as:

Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
Fibrillation
Asystole
Tachycardia

A

Systolic pressure – pg 235

systolic- pump
diastolic- rest

107
Q

In preparation for a patient transfer to the imaging department, the technologist should:

  1. Check with nursing service
  2. Identify equipment needed for transport
  3. Assess the patient
  4. Check patient identification
A

1, 2, 3, and 4 – pg 134-135

108
Q

Which of the following statements does NOT meet infection control guidelines with regards to the handling of patient linens?

Soiled linens should be shaken to remove loose material before being placed in the hamper.

No item should be used for more than one patient without being laundered first

Fold the edges of used linens to the middle without shaking or flapping

Used linen is considered contaminated

A

Soiled linens should be shaken to remove loose material before being placed in the hamper.

To prevent airborne contamination, fold the edges of linens to the middle without shaking or flapping, and immediately place loosely linens in the hamper. – pg 173

109
Q

Which of the following describes the proper procedure for disposal of a needle and syringe following use?

Recap the needle, do not remove the syringe, and dispose of syringe in a sharps container

Recap the needle, remove the syringe, discard syringe in garbage, and dispose of needle in sharps container

Do not recap the needle, do not remove the syringe, and dispose both in a sharps container

A

Do not recap the needle, do not remove the syringe, and dispose both in a sharps container – pg 174

110
Q

The acronym RACE stands for:

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Execute/Evacuate
Rescue, Announce, Contain, Evacuate/Execute
Rescue, Alarm, Calm, Execute/Extinguish
Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Evacuate/Extinguish

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Evacuate/Extinguish
–pg 125 Box 7-3

Patient Care (5 decks)

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