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AP Psych > Unit 4: > Flashcards

Unit 4: Flashcards

1
Q

Insight learning

A

Sudden appearance of solution

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2
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning w/o rewards

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3
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning by watching others’ behavior

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4
Q

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

A

Reflexively brings UCR

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5
Q

Unconditioned response (UCR)

A

Response that takes place in an organism when UCS occurs

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6
Q

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

NS at 1st, when paired w/ UCS elicits CR

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7
Q

Conditioned response (CR)

A

After Conditioning, response when CS presented

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8
Q

Taste aversion

A

Never wanting to eat a food again bc of a negative response

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9
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Feeling of futility bc unable to avoid aversive events

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10
Q

Preparedness

A

Easily learn survival behavior, Slowly learn non natural tendencies

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11
Q

Instinctive drift

A

Drifting back to natural (instinctive) behavior

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12
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

Doesn’t initially elicit response

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13
Q

Pairing

A

Associating stimulus w/ unrelated object

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14
Q

Acquisition

A

Gives known response to NS

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15
Q

Extinction

A

Presenting CS to UCS (repeatedly) leads to NS

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16
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

After 💀, w/o training, previous CS elecits CR temporarily

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17
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

Stimuli similar to CS also elicit CR w/o training

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18
Q

Stimulus discrimination

A

Able to tell dif btwn stimulus so only CS elicits CR

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19
Q

Higher order conditioning

A

Associating NS when there is already a CS [2 stimuli vs 1]

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20
Q

Avoidance behavior

A

Takes away unpleasant stimulus before it begins

21
Q

Avoidance conditioning

A

Organism avoids anxiety causing stimulus so anxiety nvr extinct

22
Q

Law of effect

A

+ Consequences = Strengthened Behavior
- Consequences = Weakened Behavior

23
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

+ consequence following voluntary behavior increases probability of it repeating

24
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

removing - consequence following voluntary behavior increases probability of it repeating

25
Q

Immediate reinforcement

A

Reinforcer presented immediately following behavior

26
Q

Delayed reinforcement

A

Time delay btwn desired response of organism and delivery of reward

27
Q

Reinforcer

A

Desirable stimulus or opportunity

28
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Something biologically important is rewarding

29
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

Something is rewarding b/c associated w/ PR

30
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removal of a reinforcer in response to unwanted behavior

31
Q

Positive punishment

A

Aversive stimulus following an undesired behavior

32
Q

Shaping

A

+ reinforcing desired behavior to teach new behavior

33
Q

Chaining

A

+ reinforcing each behavior then later only rewarding completed sequence

34
Q

Schedules of reinforcement

A

Pattern of reward

35
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Reinforcement following specific behavior everytime it is exhibited

36
Q

Partial reinforcement

A

Occasional reinforcement of a particular behavior

37
Q

Fixed interval schedule

A

Reinforcement happens after specific and set time

38
Q

Fixed ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement occurs after specific or set number of responses

39
Q

Variable interval schedule

A

Reinforcement happens after a varying time

40
Q

Variable ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement happens after a varying amount of responses has occurred

41
Q

Interval

42
Q

Ratio

43
Q

Cognitive Learning

A

Think not just observe

44
Q

Vicarious Reinforcement

A

likelihood on acting on vicarious learning changes when seeing consequences of others’ behvaior

45
Q

Vicarious Punishment

A

Decrease in behavior’s frequency b/c seeing others punished for same actions

46
Q

Bandura

A

Observational Learning

47
Q

Emotional Learning

A

Teaching children how to overcome and manage emotions
Guiding Children through development

48
Q

S&E L 5 components:

A

Social Awareness
Relationship Skills
Self-Awareness
Responsible Decision Making
Self Management

49
Q

Biofeedback

A

Cognitive (brain) factors to influence biological factors of stress

AP Psych (4 decks)

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