unit 4 Flashcards
integrate
v
=combine
to become part of a group or society, or to help someone do this.
“ 1. کامل کردن
2. تمام کردن
3. درست کردن
4. یکی کردن
5. تابعه اولیه چیزی را گرفتن”
convict (n)
n
=”culprit
=criminal”
a person found guilty of a criminal offense and serving a sentence of imprisonment.
مجرم
convict (v)
v
declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offense by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law.
محکوم کردن
conscript
v,n
“v: enlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed services./make someone to be member of a group
n: a person enlisted compulsorily.”
“ 1. مشمول نظام کردن
2. سرباز کردن
سرباز وظیفه”
draft(american)
marvel
n,v
=”wonder
miracle”
“v: be filled with wonder or astonishment.
n: a wonderful or astonishing person or thing.”
“1. تعجب
2. شگفتی
verb:
1. حیرت زده شدن
2. شگفت داشتن”
“sabotage
/ˈsabəˌtäZH/”
n,v
=destroy
“v: deliberately destroy, damage, or obstruct (something), especially for political or military advantage.
n: the action of sabotaging something.”
“noun
1. خرابکاری 2. خرابکاری عمدی 3. کارشکنی و خرابکاری
verb
1. خرابکاری کردن"
“controversy
(over, about)”
n
“argument
disagreement, typically when prolonged, public, and heated.”
“ 1. مشاجره
2. جدال
3. مباحثه
4. هم ستیزی
5. ستیزه
6. بحی”
capture the imagination (from)
idiom
“to make someone very interested or excited.
Her books have captured the imaginations of children from around the world.”
به وجد آوردن، توجه کسی را جلب کردن
it captured the imagination from far and wide since construction in 1981.
official
n
=officer
a person holding public office or having official duties, especially as a representative of an organization or government department.
“ 1. صاحب منصب
2. عالیرتبه”
carriage
n
a four-wheeled passenger vehicle pulled by two or more horses.
“ 1. کالسکه
2. نورد”
fellow
n
a man or boy.
“1. شخص
2. رفیق”
“peasant
/ˈpez(ə)nt/”
n,adj
a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
“1. روستایی
2. کشاورز”
proposing
v
=suggestion
“1. put forward (a plan or suggestion) for consideration by others.
2. make an offer of marriage to someone.”
“پیشنهاد کردن
خواستگاری کردن”
enquiring
v
=ask
“ask for information from someone.
investigate; look into.”
بازجویی کردن، تحقیق کردن، جویاشدن
fare
n
=”fee
price”
the money paid for a journey on public transport.
“1. کرایه
2. مسافر”
route
n
=”way
path”
a way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination.
“1. مسیر
2. راه”
due
adj
expected to arrive
“. در اثر
۲. موعد سررسید
۳. طلب یا حق کسی
۴. مقتضی، شایسته”
“it’s due in twenty minutes.
بیست دیقه دیگه مونده تا برسد.”
accountancy
n
the profession or duties of an accountant.
1. حسابداری
accountancy firms
knocked down
ph v
=demolish
“demolish a building or other structure.
(especially of a vehicle) strike or collide with someone so as to cause them to fall to the ground.”
تخریب کردن
council
n
a body of people elected to manage the affairs of a city, county, or other municipal district.
“1. شورا
2. مجلس”
demolish
v
pull or knock down (a building).
تخریب کردن
leaflet
n
a printed sheet of paper containing information or advertising and usually distributed free.
“1. جزوه
2. بروشور”
visual aid
n
an item of illustrative matter, such as a film, slide, or model, designed to supplement written or spoken information so that it can be understood more easily.
1. کمک های بصری
coach
n
=carriage
“a comfortably equipped single-decker bus used for longer journeys.
a railway carriage.”
کالسکه, واگن
tram
n
a passenger vehicle powered by electricity conveyed by overhead cables, and running on rails laid in a public road.
1. واگن برقی
lorry
n
a large, heavy motor vehicle for transporting goods or troops; a truck.
“ 1. کامیون
2. بارکش
3. ماشین باری”
boot
n
the boot of a car is the covered space, usually at the back, where you put things such as luggage or shopping.
صندوق عقب ماشین
steering
n
the action of steering a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft.
1. فرمان
“chauffeur
/ˈʃəʊfə,ʃəʊˈfəː/”
n
a person employed to drive a private or hired car.
“ 1. شوفر
2. راننده ماشین”
sleeping car
n
a railway carriage provided with beds or berths.
1. واگن تخت خوابدار راه اهن
platform
n
the floor area at the entrance to a bus.
قسمتی که وایمیستیم قبل از سوارشدن به قطار
liner
n
a large luxurious passenger ship of a type formerly used on a regular line.
کشتی یا هواپیمای مسافری
ferry
n
a boat or ship for conveying passengers and goods, especially over a relatively short distance and as a regular service.
کشتی مسافربری یا وسیله بری کوچک تر
gangway
n
a passage between rows of seats, especially in a theatre or aircraft or ships.
1. راهرو
“steward(ess)
/ˈstjuːəd/”
n
a person employed to look after the passengers on a ship, aircraft, or train.
“ 1. مباشر
2. ناظر
3. پیشکار
4. خوانسالار
5. وکیل خرج”
port
n
a town or city with a harbour or access to navigable water where ships load or unload.
“1. بندر
2. درگاه”
cabin
n
a private room or compartment on a ship.
“1. کابین
2. کلبه”
cruise
v,n
sail about in an area without a precise destination, especially for pleasure.
“noun
1. سفر دریایی
verb
1. گشت زدن”
jumbo jet
n
a very large airliner (originally and specifically a Boeing 747).
1. جامبو جت
“cockpit
/ˈkɒkpɪt/”
n
“a compartment for the pilot, and sometimes also the crew, in an aircraft or spacecraft.
the driver's compartment in a racing car. a space for the helmsman in some small yachts."
- اطاقک خلبان در هواپیما
aisle
n
a passage between rows of seats in a building such as a church or theatre, an aircraft, or train.
- راهرو
ground staff
n
“the people employed by a sports club to maintain the playing area, buildings, and equipment.
the people employed by an airline who work in an airport rather than on board an aircraft.”
1. کارکنان زمینی
cabin crew
n
the members of an aircraft crew who attend to passengers.
1. خدمه کابین
runway
n
“a strip of hard ground along which aircraft take off and land.
North American term for catwalk (sense 1).”
“1. باند فرودگاه
2. رد پا”
“excursion
/ɪkˈskəːʃn,ɛkˈskəːʃn/”
n
a short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity./ for a particular purpose
“1. گردش
2. گشت”
hitch-hiked
n
to travel by getting a free ride in someone else’s road vehicle
voyage of discovery!
n
a situation in which you learn a lot of new things about something or someone
put sb up
v
“to let someone stay in your home for a short period:
If you need somewhere to stay, we can put you up for the night.”
اجازه بدهید کسی در خانه تان بماند
overnight
adv,adj,v,n
“adverb: for the duration of a night.
adjective: done, happening, or for use overnight.
verb: stay for the night in a particular place.
noun: a stop or stay lasting one night.”
“adjective
1. شبانه
2. در مدت شب
adverb
1. در مدت یک شب”
put sb on standby
ph v
If someone or something is on standby, they are ready to be used if they are needed.
کسی را در حالت آماده باش قرار دادن
bumpy landing
ph
uncomfortable and rough landing
فرود پر دست انداز
bump: دست انداز
bumpy start
ph
full of problems or sudden changes: We had a bumpy start.
شروع پر از دست انداز
jetlag
n
extreme tiredness and other physical effects felt by a person after a long flight across different time zones.
خستگی ناشی از پرواز طولانی
crew
n
a group of people working on a ship, aircraft, etc. other than the officers.
“ 1. خدمه
2. خدمه کشتی
3. کارکنان هواپیما و امثال ان”
punctually
adv
at the agreed or proper time; promptly.
1. به موقع
specialise
v
concentrate on and become expert in a particular subject or skill.
متخصص شدن در کاری
take a day trip
collocation
a journey in which a person goes to visit a place and then returns home on the same day.
گردش یک روزه
safe journey
collocation
“said to someone when they start a long journey
Dad rang to wish me a safe journey.”
سفر خوبی داشته باشی
return journey
collocation
“the journey back from a destination.
On the return journey, his car had passed through the border at the same time as Kershaw’s car.
- a two-way journey.”
برگشت
give me a call
ph
” to call (someone) on the telephone.
Give me a call when you get back from your trip.”
به من زنگ بزن
overnight journey
collocation
An overnight trip refers to a trip outside the usual environment, during which at least one night is spent in private or collective accommodation either for free or for a charge.
in-flight entertainment
collocation
refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight
cabin attendant
collocation
a crew member who performs, in the interest of safety of passenger, duties assigned by the operator or the pilot-in-command of the aircraft but who shall not act as a flight crew member.
board
v
It means getting into the aircraft. It is just a long version of the term boarding. The answer to “what does plane boarding mean?” has the same answer. Boarding is the next step after completing your check-in. Passengers get into the aircraft after completing their check-in through websites, counters or kiosks.
سوار شدن
board the plane
connecting flight
collocation
A connecting flight or transit flight is to reach the final destination through two or more flights, namely, traveling without any direct flights
domestic flights
collocation
flights within a country
aisle seat & window seat
collocation
about airplane
charter flight & scheduled flight
collocation
Scheduled flights operate according to pre-published schedules for departures and arrivals from one destination to another. However, another option for travel is a charter flight, which is different from a scheduled flight. A charter flight is a flight that is not part of an airline’s published schedule and it’s cheapr.
“en route
/ɒn ˈruːt/”
adv
on the way/ during the course of a journey; on the way.
1. در مسیر
anticipate
v
regard as probable; expect or predict.
“ 1. پیش بینی کردن
2. پیشدستی کردن
3. سبقت جستن
4. انتظار داشتن
5. جلوانداختن
6. پیش گرفتن بر
7. سبقت جستن بر”
family-run hotel
collocation
a hotel owned by a family in which family members work.
run-down
adj
ruined
” 1. کهنه
2. مندرس”
smart hotels
collocation
A Smart Hotel is a hotel equipped with disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and IoT (Internet of Things), with the aim of improving management, efficiency and control from the hotel management, as well as offering a better service to guests.
هتل های هوشمند
budget accommodation
collocation
very cheap accomodation/ A budget accommodation building provides accommodation to 6 or more unrelated persons who have shared access to bathroom/toilet facilities. This includes backpacker hostels, boarding houses, bed and breakfast, farm-stay, share houses or similar types of accommodation.
customs officer
collocation
(also customs official) a person whose job is to check travellers’ bags to make certain they are not taking goods into a country without paying taxes
go on strike
collocation
to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels, or job losses:
اعتصاب کردن
once in a blue moon
ph
“informal
very rarely./hardly, seldom”
به ندرت
long-haul
short haul
n
“a long distance (in reference to the transport of goods or passengers).
a prolonged and difficult effort or task.”
دور
long-haul flight/ rout/ destination
haul
n
a distance to be covered in journey.
admittedly
adv
used to express a concession or recognition that something is the case.
مسلما
all things considered
ph
taking everything into account.
با در نظر گرفتن همه جوانب، روی هم رفته، درمجموع
as luck would have it
ph
used to indicate that something happened purely by chance.
بر حسب اتفاق، اتفاقا، تصادفا
there is no competition for me
ph
“not nearly as good or successful as someone or something else.
He’s a great person, but no competition for Chris.”
هیچ رقابتی برای من وجود ندارد
hospitality
n
the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.
“ 1. مهمان نوازی
2. خوش رویی
3. ضیافت”
cost-effective
adj
effective or productive in relation to its cost.
1. مقرون به صرفه
cottages
n
“a small house, typically one in the country.
““a holiday cottage”””
کلبه ها
be up for rent
collocation
to want to do something: We’re going clubbing tonight if you’re up for it.
آماده ی اجاره هستند
the cottages are up for rent weekly.
wear and tear
collocation
the damage that happens to an object in ordinary use during a period
فرسایش/ خرابی
charge
v
ask for payment
پول گرفتن
the mayor charges tourists
arctic
adj
relating to the regions around the North Pole.
قطب شمال /سرد
high-latitude
collocation
Low latitudes are those locations found between the Equator (0 degrees N/S) and 30 degrees N/S. The middle latitudes are found between 30 degrees N/S and 60 degrees N/S. And the high latitudes are found between 60 degrees N/S and the poles (90 degrees N/S).
عرض جغرافیایی بالا
coastal
adj
of or near a coast.
ساحلی
infrastructure
n
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
“ 1. شالوده
2. زیر بنا
3. سازمان
4. پیدایش
5. زیر سازی”
nest site
collocation
A nest site is the physical location of the nest. A nest site can contain multiple attempts and can represent a cup nest, a nest box, or any other nest structure.
regulate
v
“control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly.
control (something, especially a business activity) by means of rules and regulations.
set (a clock or other apparatus) according to an external standard.”
“1. تنظیم کردن
2. منظم کردن”
lay down
collocation
establish, make.
“آماده کردن/ ضبط کردن/ تولید کردن/ تنظیم کردن
وضع کردن ( قانون )
● به زمین نهادن ( سلاح )
● دادن جان ( در راه کسی یا چیزی )
● نگه داشتن ( شراب برای استفاده در آینده )
● ضبط کردن ( موزیک یا اطلاعات در حافظه ای )”
follow the code of practice laid down for trips
cultural contact
collocation
contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems.
ارتباط فرهنگی
emerge
v
“move out of or away from something and become visible.
become apparent or prominent.”
“ 1. پدیدار شدن
2. بیرون آمدن”
ecotourism
n
all nature-based forms of tourism in which the main motivation of the tourists is the observation and appreciation of nature as well as the traditional cultures prevailing in natural areas.
exponential
(of an increase) becoming more and more rapid.
“the social security budget was rising at an exponential rate
- نمایی
- تشریحی
- تعریفی
unadulterated
pure
- مخلوط نشده
- خالص
- بدون مواد خارجی
pristine
in its original condition; unspoilt.
- تر و تازه
- اولی
degradation
ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃn
the condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
- تنزل
- تنزل رتبه
