unit 1 Flashcards
spacious
adj
(especially of a room or building)
having ample space.
“spaciously (adv)
spaciousness (n)”
جادار
bungalow
n
a low house having only one storey or, in some cases, upper rooms set in the roof, typically with dormer windows.
خانه های ییلاقی
marble
n/adj/v
سنگ مرمر، تیله بازی
cellar
n/v
basement
“(n) : a room below ground level in a house, often used for storing wine or coal.
(v) : store (wine) in a cellar.”
زیر زمین، جای شراب انداختن،انبار
remote island
adj
Remote areas are far away from cities and places where most people live, and are therefore difficult to get to.
دور، دوردست
glamorous
adj
attractive or appealing in an exotic or exciting way.
فریبنده
glamorously (adv)
magnificent
adj
“extremely beautiful, elaborate, or impressive.
very good; excellent.”
عالی، مجلل
hillside
n
the sloping side of a hill.
دامنه کوه
donate
v
give (money or goods) for a good cause, for example to a charity.
بخشیدن، هدیه دادن
enchanted
adj
“1. placed under a spell; bewitched.
2. filled with delight; charmed.”
مسحور
“enchant (v)
enchanting (adj)=
very attractive or charming”
cathedral
n
the principal church
کلیسای جامع
maintenance
n
“1. the process of keeping something in good condition
2. financial support provided for a person’s living expenses.
British :financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse during separation or following divorce.”
نگهداری
inheritance
n
=legacy
a thing that is inherited.
وراثت
estate
n
=property
an extensive area of land in the country, usually with a large house, owned by one person, family.
ملک
temple
n
“1. a building for religious worship
2. the flat part of either side of the head between the forehead and the ear.
3. a device in a loom for keeping the cloth stretched”
معبد، گیجگاه،
loom=دستگاه بافندگی/ نساجی
palm
n
tree of tropical and warm regions
نخل
airfield
n
an area of land set aside for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of aircraft.
فرودگاه
property
n
a thing or things belonging to someone/ a piece of land
دارایی، ملک
“lounge
/laʊn(d)ʒ/”
n/v
=living room
“1. British: a sitting room in a house./ living room
2. a seating area in an airport for waiting passengers
3. (v): lie, sit, or stand in a relaxed or lazy way.”
سالن استراحت، اتاق نشیمن/لم دادن
mortgage
n/v
“1. a loan for buying a house
2. a legal agreement by which a bank, building society, etc. lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor’s property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.
3. (v) convey (a property) to a creditor as security on a loan.”
رهن، گرو
“ensuite
/ɒn ˈswiːt/”
n
a bathroom that immediately adjoins a bedroom and forms part of the same set of rooms./ a bathroom which is in the bedroom
توالت اختصاصی
suburb
n
an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.
حومه شهر، اطراف شهر
sun room
n
=sun lounge
a room with large windows and sometimes a glass roof, designed to allow in a lot of sunlight.
بالکن
“fully-fitted kitchen
(in British English)”
n
a kitchen fitted with units and appliances such as an oven, dishwasher, etc.
آشپزخانه با اسباب و مجهز
rear garden
n
back garden
حیاط پشتی
patio
/ˈpatɪəʊ/
n
a paved outdoor area adjoining a house.
پاسیو
/peɪvd/ cover (a piece of ground) with flat stones or bricks; lay paving over.
lawn
/lɔːn/
n
grass in the garden of a house or park
چمن
chilly
adj
uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold./ (of a person) feeling cold.
سرد، خنک
driveway
n
a short road or paved area leading from a public road to a house or garage.
راه اختصاصی، راه ورودی
shower fitting
n
the pieces of furniture that are in a bathroom, such as a toilet, bath, etc.
اتصالات دوش
put in an offer
v
it has many meanings. one of them is : present or submit something formally.
currently
adv
at the present time.
در حال حاضر
dramatically
adv
by a strikingly large amount or to a strikingly large extent; greatly.
به طور چشمگیری
envy
n/v
=jealousy
desire to have a quality, possession, or other desirable thing belonging to (someone else).
حسادت (کردن)، غبطه (خوردن)
criticise
v
=denounce
indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way.
انتقاد کردن
hesitant
adj
unsure/ slow in acting or speaking
suppose
v
think or assume that something is true or probable but lack proof or certain knowledge
فرض کردن
I suppose so — a phrase used to express hesitant agreement.
adore
v
love and respect (someone) deeply./ worship
ستودن، پرستش کردن، عشق ورزیدن
adorable (adv)
despise
v
feel contempt
تحقیر کردن، خوار شمردن
contempt=the feeling that a person or a thing is worthless or beneath consideration.
despiser (n)
description
n
“phrases: 1. beyond description (:to a great and astonishing extent)
2. defy description (:be so unusual or remarkable as to be impossible to describe.)
3. fit the description (:have the qualities specified.)”
توصیف
resemble
v
=look like
have a similar appearance to or qualities in common with (someone or something); look or seem like.
شباهت داشتن
“tutor
/ˈtjuːtə/”
n/v
“(n) a private teacher, typically one who teaches a single pupil or a very small group.
(v) act as a tutor”
معلم خصوصی، تدریس کردن خصوصی
tutorial (n) :lesson
aerial
/ˈɛːrɪəl/
adj
“1. existing, happening, or operating in the air.
2. British: a rod, wire, or other structure by which signals are transmitted or received as part of a radio or television transmission or receiving system.”
هوایی، آنتن هوایی
trade sth for sth
v
the action of buying and selling goods and services.
داد و ستد
cozy
adj
giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation.
دنج، راحت، گرم و نرم
outskirt
n
the outer parts of a town or city./ not in the center
حومه، حاشیه
hectic pace
/ˈhɛktɪk/
adj/collocation
the fast and chaotic rhythm/ hectic= uncontrolled
بی قرار
chaotic
adj
in a state of complete confusion and disorder.
بی نظم- پرهرج ومرج
chaos (n)
bustling
adj
(of a place) full of activity./ crowded- busy
شلوغ
strewn (with litter)
adj/p.p v
p.p form of strew
/ untidily scattered./ scatter-spread
پراکنده شده
cobblestone
n
covered with small stones
سنگ فرش
cobbled (adj)
quaint
/kweɪnt/
adj
charming and old-fashioned / attractively unusual or old-fashioned.
عجیب و جالب
e.g. quaint shops
quaintness (n)
the quality of being attractive because of being unusual, and often old-fashioned: They miss Green Bay’s small-town quaintness and sense of community.
gourmet
/ˈɡʊəmeɪ,ˈɡɔːmeɪ/
adj
خوراک شناس
gourmet restaurants = delicious and expensive
cuisine
/kwɪˈziːn/
n
a style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or establishment./ the typical food of the region
غذای محلی
local cuisine
open-air market
collocation
an outdoor market
street vendors
n
a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street./ people selling things on the street
دستفروش
trendy
adj
modern, stylish, and popular cafes
e.g. trendy cafes
virtually
adv
nearly; almost.
تقریبا
inner-city areas
collocation
older, central, crowded part of a city usually filled with poor people and possibly violence
داخل شهر/ پایین شهر
pulsating
adj
very exciting./ vivid and colorful
ضربان دار
e.g. pulsating nightlife
pulsate (v)= beat
a place for playing golf ?
golf course
زمین بازی گلف
a place for playin tennis?
tennis courts
زمین بازی تنیس
a place for playin football?
football pitch
زمین بازی فوتبال
a place for playing skate?
skating rink
زمین بازی اسکیت
Rink, is a Scottish word meaning ‘course’, it was used as the name of a place where curling was played.
catering
/ˈkeɪtərɪŋ/
n
the provision of food and drink at a social event or other gathering.
پذیرایی
B&B
n
bed and breakfast (accommodation)
youth hostel
n
a place providing cheap accommodation, aimed mainly at young people on walking or cycling tours.
مهمانسرای جوانان
taxi rank
n
a place where taxis park while waiting to be hired. / cab stand
ایستگاه تاکسی
chemist’s
n
=pharmacy
a shop where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold, and in which toiletries and other medical goods can be purchased.
داروخانه
housing estate
n
a residential area in which the houses have all been planned and built at the same time.
منطقه مسکونی
commuter
n
=passenger
a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.
مسافر
slum
/slʌm/
n
district inhabited by very poor people.
محلات پر جمعیت و پست شهر
vandalism
n
action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.
وحشیگری
deliberate= done consciously and intentionally.
pointless
adj
having little or no sense, use, or purpose.
بی معنی
deterioration
/dɪˌtɪərɪəˈreɪʃn/
n
the process of becoming progressively worse.
بدتر شدن
e.g. deterioration in health
picturesque
/ˌpɪktʃəˈrɛsk/
adj
very pretty and attractive
خوش منظره
deserted
/dɪˈzəːtɪd/
adj
opposite of: lively=colorful,vivid
(of a place) empty of people./ no one on the streets / abandoned
خلوت
packed
adj
very crowded
خیلی شلوغ
filthy
adj
very dirty
خیلی کثیف
run-down
adj
in a very bad condition
کهنه، خراب
skyline
n
The skyline is the line or shape that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land.
city skyline
upmarket
adj
for people with expensive tastes
گرون
upmarket shops
pricey
adj
=overpriced
expensive in a negative sense
بیش از حد گرون
pavement
n
a raised paved or asphalted path for pedestrians at the side of a road.
پیاده رو
e.g. pavement cafes
imposing
adj
=spectacular
grand and impressive in appearance./ impressive
تماشایی
wasteland
n
a city area which is empty and in a bad condition
deprived
adj
suffering a severe and damaging lack of basic material and cultural benefits.
محروم
sprawling
/ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/
adj
spread over a large area (slightly negative)/ pread out over a large area in an untidy or irregular way.
پراکنده
sprawling suburb
sprawlingly (adv)
bumper to bumper
adj
heavy traffic/ the vehicles are so close to one another that they are almost touching and are moving very slowly.
سپربه سپر
e.g. bumper to bumper traffic
exhust fumes
n
the gas or steam that is produced when the engine of a vehicle is running.
incessant
/ɪnˈsɛs(ə)nt/
adj
=endless
(of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.
بی پایان
e.g. incessant roar
roar
n
a very loud, deep, prolonged sound
سر و صدا
prolonged= continuing for a long time or longer than usual; lengthy.
shanty
adj
very poor houses made of discarded materials. (e.g. tin, cardboard,plastic, etc)
e.g. shanty towns
asthma
/ˈasmə/
n
آسم
monasteries
/ˈmɒnəst(ə)ri/
n
= convents
a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.
صومعه ها
convents
n
= monasteries
a Christian community of nuns living together under monastic vows.
صومعه ها
overlook
v
have a view of from above.
مسلط یا مشرف بودن بر
معنی دیگه= جشم پوشی کردن -غفلت کردن
youngster
n
a child, young person, or young animal.
نوجوان
cleft
adj/p.p v
split, divided, or partially divided into two.
شکاف دار
cleft sentences (grammer)
industrious
adj
diligent and hard-working./ active. energetic. productive.
کوشا
diligent= سخت کوش
industriously (adv)
bean
n
لوبیا
e.g. baked bean
stew
n
a dish of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in liquid in a closed dish or pan.
تاس کباب
breadcrumb
n
خرده نان
e.g. breadcrumb patties
patty
n
a small pie or turnover.
chowder
n
a rich soup typically containing fish, clams, or corn with potatoes and onions.
نوعی ابگوشت
e.g. fish chowder
major metropolis
/mɪˈtrɒpəlɪs/
n
the capital or chief city of a country or region.
کلان شهر
metropolitan (adj)
distort
v
give a misleading or false account or impression of.
تحریف کردن, کج کردن
to some extent
idiom
partly but not completely
تا حدودی
recreational
adj
relating to or denoting activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
تفریحی
city dweller
n
a person who lives in a city.
شهرنشین
scarce
adj
(especially of food, money, or some other resource) insufficient for the demand.
نادر
scarcely (adv)
compelling
adj
evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way.
متقاعد کننده
e.g. compelling reasons
compel (v)=force
substantial
adj
=fundamental
essential
اساسی
e.g. substantial reason
justification
n
the action of showing something to be right or reasonable.
توجیه
legitimate
/ləˈjidəmət/
adj
valid
مشروع,قانونی,درست
e.g. legitimate reason
plausible
adj
=rational, logical
پذیرفتنی
e.g. pluasible explanation for …
infrastructure
n
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
زیر بنا
congestion
n
overcrowding
تراکم,ازدحام
e.g. traffic congestions
