Unit 4 Flashcards
Nation
Group of people who have certain things in common
Nation-state
A nation of people who fulfill the qualifications for a state
Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous Regions
Defined area within a state that has some degree of self-government (higher in autonomous)
Stateless Nation
A cultural group that has no independent political entity
Antecedent Boundary
Preceded the development of the cultural landscape
Subsequent Boundary
Typically created while the cultural landscape is evolving
Superimposed Boundary
Drawn by outside powers and may ignore existing cultural patterns
Relic Boundary
Boundary that has been abandoned for political reasons but evidence still exists on the landscape
Consequent Boundary
Type of subsequent boundary that accounts for current cultural boundaries
Nationalism
A nation’s desire to create and maintain a state of their own
Imperialism
Broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people
Colonialism
Particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country
Berlin Conference
Representatives of major empires met and laid out claims on territories in Africa that were used to form state boundaries
Had little regard for ethno-linguistic boundaries
Satellite States
Eastern European countries that were liberated from the Nazis and occupied by the Soviets
State dominated by another politically and economically
Territoriality
A willingness by a person or a group of people to defend space they claim
Asserting control over a space
Neocolonialism
Economic, political, or cultural control was indirectly exerted over developing countries
Choke Points
Place of physical congestion between wider regions of movement and interaction
Power and wealth is increasingly derived from controlling strategic maritime areas
Defined Boundary
Established by a legal document
Delimited Boundary
Drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space
Demarcated Boundary
Identified by physical objects placed on the landscape
Locational boundary dispute
Dispute about where a boundary should be, or how it is delimited or demarcated
Irredentism
Type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has cultural ties or historical claims
Operational Boundary Disupte
Centers on how a boundary functions
Disagreements over trade, transportation, or migration
Allocational Boundary Dispute
Dispute over resources along the boundary
Directional drilling can cause this
Shatterbelt
A place located between 2 very different and contentious regions under consistent stress and may suffer instability or fragmentation due to external aggression
Voting District
Internal boundaries that divide a country’s electorate into subnational regions
Reapportionment
Changing the number of representatives granted to each state so it reflects the states population
Redistricting
State committees redraw boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people
Gerrymandering
Drawing of boundaries for political districts by the part yin power to protect or increase its power
Federal State
Unites separate political entities into an overarching system
Each entity maintiains some degree of sovereignty
Different levels of government have different functions and responsibilites
Unitary State
Most or all of the governing power is held by the national government
All local governments are subject to the authority of the national government
Physical Geography (Devolution)
Physical geography of a region can cause isolation and increase the likelihood of devolution
Ethnic Separatism
Advocacy of full political separation from the larger group
Ethnic groups are often concentrated which can lead to independence movements
Central government will often grant more authority via devolution
Ethnic Cleansing
A purposeful policy designed by one group to forcibly violently remove the civilian population of another
Terrorism
Organized violence aimed at government and civilians to create fear
Economics (Devolution)
Control of natural resources can prompt regions of countries to advocate for devolution
Social (Devolution)
Social devolution often follows geographic divisions between religions, linguistic, and historical regions
Subnationalism
Describes people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group of ethnicity
Balkanization
Sometimes an entire country or region explodes in ethnic conflict like the Balkan Mountains
Fragmentation of a state or region into smaller units along ethnicity lines
Supranationalism
Sometimes countries sacrifice some sovereignty by joining with others for a shared goal
