Unit 4 Flashcards
What precedents did Washington establish as first president of the US? (6)
First:
Cabinet
Crisis
Foreign Policy
Political Parties
Serve 2 Terms
Willingly Step Down
Who made up Washington’s Cabinet? (4)
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and Edmund Randolph
What department did Jefferson lead?
1st Secretary of State
What department did Hamilton lead?
1st Secretary of Treasury
What department did Knox lead?
Secretary of War
What department did Randolph lead?
Attorney General
Which countries were involved in Jay’s Treaty?
The US and Britain
Which countries were involved in Pinckney’s Treaty?
The US and Spain
What were the agreements in Pinckney’s Treaty?
Spain gives the US access to lower Mississippi and part of New Orleans
What were the agreements in Jay’s Treaty?
Britain would leave the US NW territory.
What were the major provisions of Hamilton’s financial plan? (3)
-Fed. Gov. would pay off state debts
-A national bank is created
-High Tariffs to protect Northern Industries
How did Hamilton justify his financial plan’s implementation? (2)
Creds will be given to the gov. and a common currency will be created
What was the Whiskey Tax?
A tax placed on Whiskey to raise $$ for the government.
What were the controversies associated with the Whiskey Tax?
The tax was viewed as unfair to inland settlers.
How is the Whiskey Rebellion similar to Shay’s? (3):
-Farmers rebelled in response to taxes
-Rebellion on the frontier
-Military intervention was needed
How were the three court cases similar? (2):
-All included John Marshall
-The Supreme Court asserted its power as a co-equal branch
What did the Alien and Sedition Act do?
It limited the growth of the Democratic-Republican party.
What was the Alien Act?
It required DR immigrants to have 14 years of residence to earn citizenship.
What was the Sedition Act?
It threw anyone who spoke badly about the gov. in jail.
How did Jefferson and Madison react to the Alien & Sedition Acts?
They created the VA and KY Resolutions
What party was Jefferson?
Democratic-Republican
What party was Hamilton?
Federalist
How were the Federalist and DR parties different?
Feds wanted a strong central gov., and DR wanted stronger state governments.
Why was the election of 1800 considered a revolution in America?
Because a DR beat a Federalist and the Fed. party slowly died off
What constitutional dilemma did Jefferson face when purchasing Louisiana Territory?
He believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution, and no clause authorized the President to purchase territory.
What were the benefits for the US after the Louisiana purchase? (3):
-Doubles the size of the US
-America’s claim to the Pacific is strengthened
-Lewis and Clark are sent to explore the region
What were the causes of the War of 1812? (6):
- Impressment of sailors
- Election of the War Hawks in Congress in the 1810 election
- Desire for free trade with Europe
- Expansion hopes into Canada and Florida
- America caught in trade wars between Britain and France
- British encouraging Native American attacks
What were the effects of the War of 1812? (8):
- Recognition of boundary between US and Canada
- A feeling of pride (Nationalism)
- Increases in American Industry
- Federalist party came to an end
- Native Americans were left to defend their land
- Andrew Jackson and Henry Harrison gain fame
- Talks of succession among New England states
- America makes claim to Oregon and Florida
What evidence was there of nationalism in the US? (3)
- Excitement for Western expansion
- Political Unity
- Support for internal improvements
What evidence was there of sectionalism in the US? (3)
Each region had different culture views, religious views, and agriculture/economy types
Why was a Missouri Compromise needed?
Northern and Southerners wanted a majority in Congress based on either free or slave states, so they split the country in half to keep an equal amount.
What were the provisions of the Missouri Compromise?
States above the 36.30 line would be free, and the states below would be slave states.
What evidence was there of a more aggressive approach to foreign affairs after the War of 1812? (2)
-Pursuit of new territories
-Monroe Doctrine
What was the American System? (4)
-Protective tariffs
-Renew a National Bank
-Internal Improvement
-Interdependent Regions
How did sectionalism forces block the American System’s full potential?
Not all of the regions had the same views as the American System and wouldn’t want to follow the new system
What factors were most responsible for the National Economy’s creation? (4)
Transportation, Technology, Labor and Capital developments
With which European power was Alexander Hamilton most interested in establishing positive relations?
The British
What contributed to the United States going to war in 1812?
Congressional War Hawks who pressed for territorial expansion into Florida and Canada.
The War Hawks in Congress included:
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
What was Robert Fulton’s major contribution to U.S. history?
The steamboat
What precedents did G.W. establish that would be followed by most others leaders? (2)
- First to serve 2 terms; Obama, Madison, Jefferson, Bush, etc
- First Cabinet; grown to 15 members
Which of Washington’s beliefs would not be followed by other presidents? (2)
- Neutrality; Donald Trump
- Don’t put sectionalism over nationalism; Civil War (farewell speech)
What were actions by Washington as president that showed an agreement with Federalist principles? (2)
-Strong central gov: No sectionalism in his farewell speech
-He created a National Bank
What were actions by Washington as president that showed a neutral stance?
He issued the The Proclamation of Neutrality during the conflict between UK and France.
Why did the Federalist party flop?
It was accused of being unpatriotic for its antiwar stance during the War of 1812.
How did the Supreme Court become a co-equal branch?
Judicial review helped the federal judiciary check the actions of Congress and the president; therefore, Congress remained a coequal branch of government alongside the legislative and executive branches.
Which groups were in support of the Supreme Court decisions and why?
The midnight judges, other boat owners, and taxpayers were in support because the government had more power over the state, so they had permission to do what they wanted. (Federalists like bc strong central gov.)
Who supported the War of 1812 and why?
The “War Hawks” supported the war because they wanted to demonstrate American sovereignty and they were upset that the UK encouraged Native American hostility against US expansion.
Who opposed the War of 1812 and why?
New Englanders because it disrupted their trade. They even talked about seceding.
What were the successes of American foreign policy at the time? (4)
-Treaty with Britain
-Adams-onis Treaty (FL)
-Monroe Doctrine
-Louisiana Purchase
