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DE US History > Unit 3: From the Articles to the Constitution > Flashcards

Unit 3: From the Articles to the Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was Shay’s rebellion significant?

A

It demonstrated the need for a stronger central government.

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2
Q

What is Federalism?

A

The system of shared power between the national gov. and the states.

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3
Q

Which plan was mainly supported by the smaller, less populated states?

A

The New Jersey Plan.

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4
Q

Who were some Anti-Fed leaders?

A

Sam Adams and Patrick Henry

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5
Q

What is one part of the Great Compromise?

A

A 2 house legislature with one house based on equal and the other house based on population.

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6
Q

Why was the Great Compromise adopted?

A

To settle differences over representation in Congress.

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7
Q

How was the Constitution different from the Articles of Confederation?

A

The Constitution created a national gov. that had three branches.

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8
Q

What was originally stated in the Constitution?

A

Federal judges were appointed by the president, not elected by the people.

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9
Q

VA Delegate
Father of the Constitution and writer of the VA Plan

A

James Madison

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10
Q

PA Delegate
Older Member
Chief Diplomat

A

Ben Franklin

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11
Q

NY Delegate
Believer in strong central gov.
Author of many Federalist papers

A

Alexander Hamilton

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12
Q

VA Delegate
Chairman of the Convention
Most respected individual

A

George Washington

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13
Q

What were key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? (7)

A
  1. Congress cannot tax
  2. States regulate their own trade
  3. Congress had to ask states for soldiers
  4. No Chief Executive or President
  5. 9/13 states needed to approve laws
  6. No national court decision
  7. Congress cannot regulate currency
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14
Q

What happened after Congress couldn’t tax?

A

There was no income to pay off debts

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15
Q

What happened after states couldn’t regulate their own trade?

A

There was uneven prosperity between states–jealousies

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16
Q

What happened after Congress had to ask for soldiers?

A

The national was vulnerable to invasion

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17
Q

What happened after there was no Chief Executive or President?

A

Lack of leadership and no unity

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18
Q

What happened after 9/13 of the states needed to approve laws?

A

It was nearly impossible to pass laws

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19
Q

What happened after there was no national court system?

A

Disputes between states went unresolved

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20
Q

What happened after Congress couldn’t regulate currency?

A

Mass printing of money made it worthless

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21
Q

What were the successes of the AofC? (Winning Independence - 4)

A
  1. Appointed Washington Commander
  2. Created an Alliance w. France
  3. Prohibited slavery in NW territory
  4. Negotiated Treaty of Paris
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22
Q

What were the successes of the AofC? (Organization of New Lands - 4)

A
  1. Process to statehood (1785)
  2. NW Land Ordinance Law
  3. New states formed around the Great Lakes
  4. Orderly land sales that promoted public education
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23
Q

How was the AofC structured?

A
  1. The only Congress
  2. Each states get 1 vote
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24
Q

Describe the Land Ordinance of 1785 (5)

A
  1. Gov. needs $$ and has a lot of land to sell
  2. Land was divided into 6x6 sections and sold
  3. Section 16 was used for schools
  4. Farmers bought land
  5. 4 sections were held off
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25
Q

Describe the Northwest Ordinance (4)

A
  1. Process for statehood
  2. Population 5,000+ had their own gov. and Constitution
  3. Population 60,000+ could submit their Constitution for approval
  4. Newly created states banned slavery
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26
Q

What’s the order of the Gov. Plans?

A

Continental Congress (1 and 2), Articles of Confederation, US Constitution (1787-Now)

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27
Q

Who was Daniel Shay?

A

A revolutionary war veteran who led Shay’s Rebellion

28
Q

Why did Shay’s rebellion happen?

A

States raised taxes but refused to print more currency. Farmers, who were in debt, petitioned for more money to be printed. Coastal Elites controlled legislature and refused to print more $$.

29
Q

What was the impact of Shay’s rebellion?

A

It alerted prominent leaders and highlighted the flaws of the AofC and a weak central government. This highlighted a need for a stronger one.

30
Q

What was the Annapolis Convention?

A

It was an important rallying point in the movement toward a federal convention to address the Articles of Confederation.

31
Q

Describe the VA plan (Madison and Randolph): (9)

A
  1. 3 main branches
  2. Bicameral Legislature
  3. Number of reps. from each state would be according to the state’s pop.
  4. House of Rep. would be directly elected by the people
  5. Senate was elected by members of the House of Rep.
  6. Leg. branch would choose a President
  7. Leg. would also choose judges
  8. Leg. could regulate trade, strike down laws, tax foreign goods, and used armed forces to enforce laws
  9. State laws would be subordinate to fed. laws
32
Q

Describe the NJ Plan: (6)

A
  1. 3 branches
  2. Unicameral legislature
  3. Each state would have the same number of reps. regardless of size
  4. Legislative branch would choose President
  5. Executive branch would appoint judges
  6. Legislature could regulate trade, strike down laws, tax foreign goods, and used armed forces to enforce laws
33
Q

How were the two plans different?

A

VA Plan was to get rid of AofC, and NJ plan wanted to revise the AofC

34
Q

What was the issue with the Great Compromise?

A

States couldn’t figure out how to have representation in Congress

35
Q

What was the issue with the 3/5 Compromise?

A

States couldn’t decided how the enslaved population be counted for representation in Congress and for taxation.

36
Q

What was the issue with the Slave Trade Compromise?

A

States couldn’t decide if slavery needed to continue, and which level of gov. regulated trade, and who took care of runaways.

37
Q

Describe the Great Compromise:

A

-Bicameral Legislature
-Representation based on pop. in House of Reps
-Equal representation in the Senate

38
Q

Describe the 3/5 Compromise:

A

3 out of every 5 slaves counted toward population and will be taxed

39
Q

Describe the Slave Trade Compromise:

A

-Internatl. slave trade ends in 20 years (1808)
-Congress regulates trade/tariffs
-Fugitive Slave law–must return runaways

40
Q

Describe the typical delegate at the Constitutional Convention:

A

A rich, powerful, white man

41
Q

Put the five events in chronological order: (Constitution was ratified, Treaty of Paris, AofC, Shay’s Rebellion, Constitutional Convention)

A
  1. Articles of Confederation
  2. Treaty of Paris
  3. Shay’s Rebellion
  4. Constitutional Convention
  5. Constitution was ratified
42
Q

What were Federalists?

A

They supported to Constitution as written

43
Q

What were Anti-Federalists?

A

They opposed the Constitution as written

44
Q

Who were Fed. leaders? (3)

A

James Madison
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton

45
Q

Who were Anti-Fed. leaders? (3)

A

George Mason
Patrick Henry
George Clinton

46
Q

What were the Feds. main argument in support of the Constitution?

A

The AofC was too weak and a more effective balance of power will protect individual rights

47
Q

What were the Anti-Feds. main argument in opposition of the Constitution?

A

A strong national gov. would limit democracy and restrict state’s rights

48
Q

What were advantages of the Fed. argument? (3)

A
  1. Strong Leadership
  2. Well Organized
  3. Wrote a series of persuasive essay
49
Q

What was an advantage of the Anti-Fed. argument?

A

Recent memory of colonial experience under a monarchy

50
Q

What was a disadvantage of the Fed. argument?

A

The Constitution was new and untried and Americans were already suspicious of a national gov.

51
Q

What were disadvantages of the Anti-Fed. argument? (3)

A

Poorly Organized
Slow to respond
States ratified quickly

52
Q

What were the Federalist Papers?

A

They were a series of essays that defended and explained how the new constitution will work for the country.

53
Q

Who wrote the Federalist Papers? (3)

A

Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay

54
Q

Why were the Federalist Papers important to the ratification debate?

A

They led up to the creation of the Bill of Rights and convinced State legislatures to ratify the new constitution.

55
Q

Why were VA and NY important during the ratification debate?

A

They two large states would divide the US if they didn’t agree to ratify the constitution (Mason and Henry were Anti-Feds).

56
Q

Why was the Bill of Rights important?

A

It was a balance between too much government and too much democracy.

57
Q

What were the arguments for the BofR? (3)

A

-Experiences under British rule
-Additional security against an abusive gov.
-Continue tradition from the DofI and Revolution

58
Q

What were the arguments against the BofR? (3)

A

-Separation of Powers & Check and Balances
-Fair Elections
-Rights not listed are not protected

59
Q

What two documents helped shape the BofR?

A

Mason’s VA Declaration of Right
Jefferson’s Statute of Religious Freedom

60
Q

How did the founding father insure Limited Gov? (3)

A

-Bill of Rights
-Checks & Balances
-Federalism

61
Q

How did the founding fathers limit democracy? (3)

A

-Electoral College
-Indirect voting for Senators
-Supreme Court Justices appointed, not elected

62
Q

Who was Roger Sherman?

A

He created the Great Compromise

63
Q

What is the checks and balance system?

A

Provides each branch with individual powers to check the other branches and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

64
Q

What powers can the Leg. branch do to the others? (4)

A

-Reject Treaties
-Impeach a President
-Override a Veto
-Impeach Supreme Court Justices

65
Q

What powers can the Executive branch do to the others? (3)

A

-Veto Bills
-Adjourn Congress in certain situations
-Appoint judges

66
Q

What powers can the Judicial branch do to the others?

A

DE US History (6 decks)

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