Unit 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Federalists
A
- power is divided between central governments and regional
- more power to central
- little faith in mass of people
- some supported British
- felt economy based on manufacturing and tariffs
- Alexander Hamiltion
2
Q
Republicans
A
- feared strong central government
- believed in common man
- though themselves commoners
- disliked cities and factories, produced farmers
- James Madison and Thomas Jefferson
3
Q
Andrew Jackson the Common Man
A
- american sucess story
- elected tenesse first rep to congress
- decisive politicans
- did not believe in growing states rights
- Jacksonian demogracy is defined by the political optmism of his time
- demands of people became heard
4
Q
Andrew Jackson Mahor changes
A
- rewrite constitution, extend vote to free white men
- land of unpreciedented oppurtunity
- 2 party system emerged Democrats, Whigs/Federalist (republicans)
- national bank scraped
- politican became profession
- education for women promoted
- Secontalism began to haunt America
5
Q
Westward Expansion
A
- powered by manifest densitny
- persistent widespread racism, non-white people inferior
- first documented by Lewis and Clark
- path known as oregon trail
- moved for personal reasons ( place to farm, goldfields, selling goods)
- established 49th parrell between Britain and US
- major lousiana purhcase from Napolean 1803, nearly doubled the size of the nation
6
Q
Trail of Tears
A
- 1819 signed treaty no white people on land
- 1829 Jackson elected president
- 1830 Indian removal act
- chained, gunpoint to oklahomo from Georgia and other southern states
7
Q
Lewis and Clark
A
- no idea what land is like
- core of discovery leaders
- sailed up missouri river 1804
- goal is to populate
- number 1 obstacle Rocky Moutians
- first footsteps to opening the west
- sakachewa
- drew map
8
Q
What was America west like in 1830s
A
Remote, dangerous, unexplored
9
Q
How many miles lay between Missouri and Pacific Ocean
A
2000
10
Q
What factors had to be considered when deciding wagon journey?
A
- best route
- can women and children make it
- could it make it over land
- food?
11
Q
what was the draw of the Oregon Territory
A
Free land and optimism
12
Q
What kind of people opted for adventures
A
Farmers
13
Q
Why did numbers change in 1843
A
Overpopulation and land prices
14
Q
What dangerous obstacles would families face along the trail
A
Disease, malnutrition, accidental deaths
15
Q
Why did families leave everything behind for Oregon
A
Industrialization, depression, taxes, water pollution
16
Q
When did the great human migration begin
A
1843
17
Q
Wagon Contents
A
- lightly built
- belongs on either side
- prized possessions
18
Q
Typical day
A
Early 4 am
Sleeping tents came down
Leave before sunset
19
Q
Circling Wagon
A
Fence
20
Q
Main causes of death
A
Carelessness, Disease
21
Q
Utah
A
1847
- settlers moved west to escape U.S territory
- The mormon church forced to move to escape persecution
- Originally settled in Illinois
- FounderJoseph Smith
- Smith killed
- new leader sought territory belonging to mexico
- move took place 1847 soon establsihed in Utah
22
Q
Oregon Territory
A
1845, and 1846
- before mid 1830s the land was british
- then churches sent missnaries to christanize the Native Americans
- fertile soil
- 1843 so many settlers came that wanted to become US territory
- Polk wanted to take region
- Britsih relinquish half
- They divided oregon along the 49th parrell
23
Q
California
A
1848
- new Englanders traded with California for 50 years
- Native population had staged 4 rebellions against Mexico
- feared the GB or franch might annex California
- Mexicans were still angered at the lose of Texas, therefore negotiation were impossible
- dispute over southern boarder of texas ignited war
- USA captured mexico city
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Full texas, California, New mexico territory
24
Q
Presidents Polks army stategies
A
3 part
1- invade northern mexico
2- head west, take over santa Fe and L.A ( get california)
3- Take mexico city
25
Texas Indpendance
1845
- Orginally illdefined area southwest from Lousiana to Rio Grand and west to footfill of Rocky Mountain belonging to Mexico
- 1821 Mexico broke away from Spain sought migrants
- Stephen Austin took over father land, and mexico agreed americans could come in'
- due to successful and unstrict slave laws settlement settlers outnumber mexicans 10-1
- General Antonio Snata Ana became president, abolished local rights
- rebellion broke out
- army pursued general Sam Houston but they turned attack and defeated Mexican troops
- under pressure treaty was signed accepting texas Independence
26
Texas Statehood
- 1836 Texas was lone star voting to seek admission into U.S
- Denied by North but growing fears Texas would ally with G.B
- fear of competing source of cotton
- westerners who wanted Oregon and Southerners who wanted Texas elected Dark Horse James Polk in the 1944 election
- narrow majority passed the joint resolution
- In 1845 texas became 28th state
27
Maine and Aroostook War
1839
- the northern and eastern border of maine had been uncertain
- no conflict as land region is unoccupied
- in 1838, Britain Construct overload
- settlers from Maine pushing into Aroostook valley clashed with British
- clash fought by fist
- U.S prepared for war
- peace because of trade profit
- Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton divided land as fairly as they could
28
Munroe Doctrine
Warns European nations that the U.S would not toleraite further colonizations of puppet monarchs
29
Sectionalism
There are 3 distinct regions
Different American dream
West relied on North/South man power
North bought raw materials from south and west in turn sold goods
30
North ( former new England colonies)
Environment: harsh, unforgiving land in certain areas
Public land policy: opposed such policies for fear that west would draw off their labour supply
Slavery: against considered it a "peculiar instution"
American dream: through industry and commerce
Politics: Lincoln
Tariffs: good to ensure competition with foregin markets
31
South
Enviroment: warm and fertile
Public land policy: plantation owners wanted lands opened for sale, opposed squatters rights
Slavery: Necessary for development of their economy
American Dream: through plantations and subsistence farms ( self sufficent)
politics: Breckinridge
Tariffs: opposed b/c high tariffs= pay more for imported goods
32
West
enviroment: forests and mountains
public land policy: favoured cheap land, rapid settlement and squatters rights
slavery: wanted to get away from it all
american dream: commerical farms and manufacturing
politics: Lincoln
Tariffs: good b/c might encourage manufacturing west of appalachians moutains. Revenue could be used to build roads/canals
33
Washington
non-partasin
president
strict neutraliy
34
Adams
National republicans
support from north east
establish property interest
national legislation
35
Jackson polices
limiting federal powers
36
Spoils system
political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters by appointment to government posts
37
Depression of 1837
financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major depression, which lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down, Westward expansion was stalled, unemployment went up, and pessimism abounded. The panic had both domestic and foreign origins.
38
After Jackson President?
martin Van Buren
