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Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the French and Indian War

A
  • 1754-1763 nut really just of a larger conflicts ad the British colony push west
  • France vs England
  • English + Iroquois vs French + Huron
  • French and Iroquois did not follow the etiquette of old-world warfare
  • Guerilla Warfare vs organized traditional European fighting style
  • Braddock ( British Commander)
  • expected the Indians to behave like wars in Europe.
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2
Q

Loyalist or Tories

A
  • about 1/3
  • British officials
  • Anglican clergy
  • large land grant holders from the crown.
  • Conservative economic group
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3
Q

Opportunist

A
  • 1/3
  • favoured the winner
  • business with both sides
  • profiting on war contracts- created class of nouveux rich
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4
Q

Patriots

A
  • 1/3

- 2 divisions - along class lines

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5
Q

Radicals

A
  • Sam Adams, Thomas Jefferson
  • wanted a democratic social revolution
  • want to enfranchise large minorities
  • curb economic and social privileges
  • their doctrines helped to justfy revolution
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6
Q

Conservative

A
  • George Washington, Alexander Hamilton
  • wealthier businessmen in North and large landowners in the south
  • wanted independence to relieve them of debt and end the threat of mercantilism
  • wanted power in the hands of Aristocracy
  • took control of revolution- All men created equal became all men are entitled to equal protection of laws and to equal political oppurtunity
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7
Q

Declaration of Independence

A
  • July 2nd 1776, adopted short resolution

- July 4th, 1776 was aproved by second contiental congress

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8
Q

Advantage of British Army

A
  • well trained army, large army, almost total control of sea and shipping
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9
Q

Disadvantage of British Army

A
  • far from home, line from communication, the war was not supported by British
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10
Q

Advantage of American army

A

-maltia, men knew the land, huge size of 13 colonies

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11
Q

Disadvantage of American army

A
  • soilders were untrained, small army, contiental congress had no real authority
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12
Q

The shot heard around the world

A

Lexington and Concord were weapon depots, set up lanter system to alert of British, 8 Americans died, war began in boston

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13
Q

What did the British grant Black Americans?

A

freedom if they fought with british

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14
Q

Thomas Paine

A

wrote the common sense panflet, panflet was only way to get information

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15
Q

Sugar Act 1764

A
  • cause economy
  • molasses ( money for colonist)
  • forbid colonies from trading with nations
  • trade new detail record
  • crime tried by local judge
  • britain makes money
  • coloist begin to boycott british goods, that hits british money
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16
Q

Stamp Act

A
  • economy
  • all legal docs and printed paper
  • viewed as highest revenue- building tax
  • British officals called stamp agents sent to colonies to collect
  • American boycot
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17
Q

Quartering Act

A
  • social, poltical
    -British asked colonies to host 1500 soilder and supply nessecties
  • colonist refused
  • British wanted to control, and not pay
    soilder slept on ship
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18
Q

Townshend Act 1767

A
  • Levied tax on glass, lead, paper, tea
  • economy
  • new court to get colonist for tax evasion
  • more protest calls for boycotts, smuggling illegal goods
  • eventually 3 years later tax taken away for except for tea
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19
Q

Tea Act

A
  • east company loosing money
  • company was not taxed for shipping, colonist taxed
  • also let the company choose who could sell tea
  • colonist anger
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20
Q

Sons of Liberty

A
  • protest groups organzied boycots
  • sam adams leader
    -women signed pledge no tea
    -because of taxes one feels powerless so boycott
    social
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21
Q

Boston Massacare 1770

A
  • angered by red coats
  • insulting, throwing snow balls
  • mob surronded soilders
  • five died from bullets
  • Twownsehd act were repealed
  • poltical
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22
Q

Coercive/Intolerable Act 1774

A
  • show the colonist to obey and loyal
  • show force ( boston port closed, limited meetings, called for trails, forced soilders in home)
  • charged several men ( John Hancok, Samuel Admas)
  • form congress
  • poltical
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23
Q

Boston Tea Party 1773

A
  • reponse to Tea Act
  • Tea was made cheaper
  • East Indian company only source of Tea
  • Sons of Liberty attacked ships, thre tea overboard
  • colonist split, protest on protest
  • Britian see as attack on England, resentment of colonies
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24
Q

Quebec Act 1774

A
  • intended to appease french0canadians and gain there loyalty
  • restored frecnh civil law
  • Americans angered
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25
Q

First Continental Congress 1774

A
  • set up by sons of liberty
    -made up of anti-british leaders
    Paul Revere planned meeting to unfiy against British
  • Seltify boycott
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26
Q

1775 Second Contiental Congress

A
  • took steps to declare American Indpendence

- it raised an army and appointed people to run the army

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27
Q

When did the road to Revolution begin and with what meeting?

A

Began in Philadelphia in 1774 with a Continental congress and led to battles to Massechuates and beyond.

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28
Q

What was decided at the First Continental Congress?

A

Issued a formal Declaration and Resolves charging the parliament with violating colonial rights. They formed the foundation of self-government colonies. This marked the initial steps towards political atonomy.

29
Q

How did the Battles at Lexington and Concord ignite the Revolution?

A

April 19th, 1775, after a meeting at Concord, and Lexington when redcoats were seizing gun powder, in an altercation that killed 8 Americans. The red coats found themselves in Boston and confronted an angry group of armed Americans.

30
Q

What actions did the Second Continental Congress take to protect the colonies, as well as to avoid open revolution?

A

They began recruiting soldiers from many colonies. They appointed George Washington to the head of the New army in Continental Congress, which they arranged by borrowing money from france. They also continued to seek peaceful resolutions with Britain.

31
Q

Although a military loss to the Continental Army, Bunker Hill was still viewed by many as a victory? Why?

A

Because it proved to the colonists that they could stand against, and inflict harm on the British soldiers. Boost of morale.

32
Q

Who wrote the bulk of the Declaration of Independence and when was it approved?

A

Thomas Jefferson, July 4th, 1776

33
Q

Discuss whether equality truly extended to all men.

A

In a piece, Jefferson did condemn King George for enslaving African people, despite being a slave owner himself. Although that brought fear to many other slave owners, it was removed from the final draft. That was left to a later generation of Americans.

34
Q

How did the Revolution create a “civil war” in the colonies?

A

Patriots saw independence as the only way to solve oppressive British policies, loyalists opposed independence. The war divided colonies, communities and families.

35
Q

Outline the Patriot/Loyalist cause.

A

Patriots came from every social rank in society, although most were drawn from the wealthy elites as leaders, but movements came from the lower class. Some people known as loyalists remained loyal to the British crown during the revolution. Most were lower class farmers who opposed the elites of the patriots.

36
Q

Why was the Continental Army different from traditional forces?

A

Most were poor, unmarried, with no land, and who really had nothing to lose. Food and pay was unreliable, and soldiers lacked reliable clothing.

37
Q

How did women contribute to the Revolution?

A

INcreased support in the home, laying their lives out for the battle. Although they tried for a say in the constitution. Abigail Adams wrote a letter to her husband John Adams in which she said to not put all the power in the hands of man. Mary McCauley Hays was one of the women who accompanied her husband to war.She brought to water her husband’s gun crew. When her husband was wounded she took his place so they could continue fighting. Molly became a scrub woman after the war, and was granted pensions.

38
Q

Why did the Quebec campaign fail?

A

Much due to the harsh weather, many of the soldiers died due to hunger and cold before reaching Quebec. As well as the reluctance of French-Candians to support invaders.

39
Q

Compare the American and British strategies

A

American: Harass the British as much as possible without conceding defeat. Draw out the war long enough until British lost, and recognize independence. Defensive
British: Navy would block ports, Loyalists would work to undermine from within. They would try to divide northern and southern colonies in order to force their surrender. Offensive

40
Q

What is significant about the victory at Saratoga?

A

The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American Revolution. It gave the Patriots a major morale boost and persuaded the French, Spanish and Dutch to join their cause against a mutual rival.

41
Q

Discuss the events of Yorktown.

A

1781, Washington brought his army and allies to encircle the British forces at Yorktown. The British surrendered to Washington. It had a profound effect on the government’s will to continue war.

42
Q

Summarize the results of the war.

A

America achieved independence under a temporary government that was too weak to sustain itself. The end of war would require America to form a more viable, and lasting form of government. To avoid major concessions to France, Britain agreed to meet most of America’s territorial demands. In Canada, the influx of loyalists would affect the way the British territory developed for years, particular in the area that would become Ontario.

43
Q

Continental Congress Relatonship with British Empire

A

most members wanted to remain in empire but rule themselves
king George 3 refused to read conciliatory petition from congress
Compromise impossible

44
Q

Common Sense

A

durning time of bad blood published
Thomas Paine
He attacked strongest bond - loyalty to the King
Assaulted Monarchy,King Pointed put advantages of American Independence
Divided Americans

45
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Poor public speaker, shy, able writer
Wrote the Declaration of Indpendance
Drew from grievances, Virginia Bill of Rights , European Philospher

46
Q

What were the 4 parts of The Declaration of Independence?

A

Preamble: Introduction, explaining declaration
Declaration of Rights: right of every man, people to be free from foreign rule
List of Grivences: Largest, against the King
Formal Declaration: formal resolution of Independence

47
Q

Mercenaries

A

Takes part in military conflict for profits

48
Q

Hessians

A

German soldiers payed to serve for British

49
Q

Rights to Self Determination

A

People determine one owns destiny

50
Q

Trenton

A
  • Washington planned bold move
  • Nine miles away lay Trenton held by Hessians
  • Washington went for element of surprise
  • The commander had note from loyalist warning of attack and if he read it could have changed the course of history
51
Q

Princeton

A

Following Trenton, British Commander Cornwallis sent shoulders to capture Washington’s force
Teh force pretended to be trapped and slipped away, then surprised the British at Princeton. These Victories saved American Cause

52
Q

Thomas Gage

A

British Army General officer, commander in chief of British of forces in North American.

53
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Crucial, British ministers offer to grant Americans generous rights within British Empire. In Fear France signed two treaties with congress

54
Q

African Americans

A
  • African Soilders fought for the American cause
  • Orders went out to discharge all of them
  • British Offered freedom
  • In return Americans allowed free afrcians to join
  • Jehu Grant joined army fearing that loyalist master would send him to work ship
  • He later recieved freedom
55
Q

Native Americans

A
  • sime neutral
  • many joined the British
    -British provided weapons to cherokee
    Iroquois supported british
56
Q

Womens role

A
  • severed as seceret agents
  • raised money, ran farms, businesses
  • J.Adams would ahve gone bankrupt if not for Abigal Adams managing the farm
  • Women accompioned troops, cooks, medics
  • revolution did little for womens rights
57
Q

Marquis De Lafayette

A

French Aristocrat, and military officer who fought in American revolution.

58
Q

Nathanial Green

A

Leader of Southern Army

59
Q

Cowpens

A

Turning point. Morgan. 1781. Tarelton British

60
Q

Corn Wallis

A

British Commander

61
Q

Rochambeau

A

French leader who rolled in on 1781

62
Q

What did frecnh do

A

Provided America money as the economy was on verge of collapse but France was also having money problems.

63
Q

Dangerous year

A

81-83, while peace negitions were going on, and no one knew if there would be a revolt

64
Q

Articles of Confederation

A
  • frame work
  • refuses to tax people
  • supper weak and poor
65
Q

Where was the constitution written

A

First Capital, Philadephia

66
Q

What did states have power to do in beginning?

A

levy taxes, raise army, enter into treaties and make war and peace

67
Q

Why was it hard to unite states?

A

willing to revolt made it unwilling to unite

68
Q

What did each state want?

A

a new central government strong enough to serve their needs but not with the potential to dominate.

History (8 decks)

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