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AP Gov > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

American core values

A 
Individualism
equality of opportunity
free enterprise
rule of law
limited government
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2
Q

political culture

A

dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship btwn citizens /gov

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3
Q

individualism

A

belief that indivs should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make

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4
Q

equality of opportunity

A

everyone should have the chance to succeed on their own effort
not the same as equality of result

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5
Q

free enterprise/laissez-faire

A

econ system in which gov intrudes as little as possible in the econ transactions among citizens and businesses
(gov doesn’t set wages/price/production- left to indivs & businesses)

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6
Q

equality and ______ contradict

A

freedom

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7
Q

rule of law

A

principle that nobody, including public officials, is above the law

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8
Q

components of rule of law

A

fair trials, impartial juries, decisions based on precedent, transparency of government operations

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9
Q

limited gov

A

humans have inherent rights that the gov can’t take away

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10
Q

components of limited government

A

checks and balances/ written constitution, federalism, BoR

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11
Q

political socialization

A

experiences and factors that help shape an individual’s political values, attitudes, and behaviours

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12
Q

political ideology

A

individual’s coherent set of beliefs abt gov and politics

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13
Q

What is the most important fact to the process of political socialization?

A

family

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14
Q

Role of education in pollitics

A

helps to transmit norms, teach American civics, intro students to political participation/ volunteering

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15
Q

Trends in religion/politics

A

Catholics/ Jews more lib than Protestants, more liberal than Evangelicals
white Catholics–> Trump
Hisp Cath –> Clinton
Muslims typically more Dem

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16
Q

Role of churches in politics

A

churches infl bc of doctrinal pos, social interactions btwn members
civic engagement= dev skills & experience in organizing/ pub speaking/ fundraising/ interactions w gov officials

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17
Q

generational effect

A

impact of historical events exp by a generation upon their political views

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18
Q

life-cycle effect

A

the impact of a person’s age and stage in life on his or her political views

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19
Q

Millenial’s political infl

A

terrorism

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20
Q

Baby Boomer’s political infl

A

Vietnam/ Watergate Scandal

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21
Q

Older v Younger political engagement

A

older more politically engaged than younger

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22
Q

globalization

A

inc interconnected of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world
blurs lines btwn international/ domestic politics

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23
Q

International superpowers

A

US
China- econ/ military
Russia- asserts interests in Europe

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24
Q

organizations w/ global impact

A
  • multinational corporations
  • nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
  • intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
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25
Q

multinational corporations

A

companies that make/ transport/ market goods in 2+ countries

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26
Q

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

A

independent groups outside of the gov that work towards a public cause

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27
Q

intergovernmental organizations

A

challenge sovereignty of countries

European Union/ World Trade Organization

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28
Q

Free trade

A

imposes few restrictions on flow of goods/ services across global borders

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29
Q

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A

FTA btwn US, Canada, Mexico

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30
Q

Who criticized NAFTA? Why?

A

Trump administration; b/c of cost of American manufacturing jobs

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31
Q

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

A

regional FTA trade agreement btwn 12 nations

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32
Q

Who endorsed the TPP? Who left it?

A

Obama; Trump

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33
Q

Result of free trade

A

of service jobs have increased, lower prices for consumers

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34
Q

link btwn globalization and democracy

A

g can encourage d
states must reach certain level of d to be accepted in intl organizations
watchdog NGOs hold authoritarian regimes acct to global audience
cits of these countries have access to tech that allows them to better question their gov

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35
Q

outsourcing

A

when a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient b/c workers work longer hrs

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36
Q

consequences of outsourcing

A

loss of domesting jobs
may lower env and labor standards in foreign countries
weakens traditional cultures
connects ppl/ groups w neg and dangerous intentions

37
Q

public opinion

A

sum of idivs attitudes abt gov, policies, and issues

38
Q

“take a knee”

A

refusing of stand for the national anthem in the protest of racism;
became political as American public opinion differed over the issue of race and respect for American custom

39
Q

components of public opinion

A

indiv’s own beliefs and attitudes

the blending of the preferences into a larger concept

40
Q

Other cues that help sway public opinion

A

party preference

political ideology

41
Q

two basic requirements for an effective rep dem

A
  • must have opinions able to be communicated to reps (elections measure preference/ focus groups)
  • elected officials must respond to these expressed preferences
42
Q

focus groups

A

a small group of individuals assembled for a conversation abt specific issues

43
Q

scientific poll

A

takes into acct a rep sample of randomly selected respondents with a statistically sig sample size, using neutral language

44
Q

sample

A

a group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion

45
Q

Random selection

A

a method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over- or under-represent any group of the population

46
Q

Representative sample

A

a sample that reflects the demographics of the population

47
Q

weighting

A

used to results of a survey according to the demographics of the larger population.

48
Q

sampling error

A

the margin of error in a poll which is usually calculated to plus or minus three percentage points

49
Q

Entrance survey

A

poll conducted of people who are coming into an event

50
Q

Exit polls

A

survey conducted following an event or at a polling place after individuals have voted, asking who or what individuals voted for and why

51
Q

Benchmark polls

A

a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters.

52
Q

Tracking polls

A

determine level of support for a candidate or issue over the length of a campaign

53
Q

Random digit dialing

A

uses telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select respondents

54
Q

Question order

A

the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls

55
Q

Question wording

A

the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll

56
Q

________ are negative campaign tactics meant to skew the respondent’s opinion of a candidate

A

Push polls

57
Q

Most effective predictor of public opinion

A

party ID

58
Q

Divisions of public opinion

A

racial, ethnic, gender, socioeconomic and age lines

59
Q

polls are used by________

A

researchers, candidates, elected officials, interest groups, and media

60
Q

purpose of polls

A

to measure Americans’ viewpoints about government and politics

61
Q

political ideology

A

a set of beliefs abt the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance

62
Q

Americans share _____ but disagree over desired ____________

A

values; policymaking

63
Q

right

A

something guaranteed; gov can’t take away

64
Q

privilege

A

something a person may obtain/ receive, but the gov can take away

65
Q

party ID

A

an individual’s attachment to a political party

66
Q

conservatism

A

ideology favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regs on businesses & less gov interference in the economy

67
Q

liberalism

A

an ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond protecting private property & individual liberty

68
Q

D basic values

A
  • liberty of privacy
  • order in gun regulation
  • protect liberties of the accused
  • pro- choice
  • favor tax inc
69
Q

R basic values

A
  • liberty in the marketplace
  • order in immigration
  • stronger punishment for offenders
  • pro- life
  • favor tax cuts for business
70
Q

laissez- faire

A

economic policy in which governments intrude as little as possible in the econ transactions btwn cits and businesses

71
Q

command and control economy

A

economic policy in which gov dictates much of the nation’s economic activity, incl the amt of production and the price of food

72
Q

mixed econ

A

economic policy in which many economic conditions are left to individuals and businesses, w/ the gov regulating econ activity

73
Q

What determines economic health?

A
  • gross domestic policy

- unemployment rate

74
Q

_______ guides econ policy

A

econ health

75
Q

gross domestic policy (GDP)

A

the total value of goods and services produced by an economy

76
Q

econ recession

A

two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth

77
Q

unemployment rate

A

the % of people actively looking but unable to find jobs

78
Q

inflation

A

the rise in the prices of goods and services

79
Q

consumer price index (CPI)

A

the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living

80
Q

When were Keynes works published?

A

During the Great Depression

81
Q

Boom

A

people spend more, invest unwisely

82
Q

Bust

A

cut back on spending & investing, exacerbation contraction

83
Q

According to Keynes, what drives business cycles

A

individual decisions regarding saving and soending

84
Q

According to Keynes, what should the gov do to help a bust

A

inject more money into the economy

85
Q

Which policies & under which admins did the gov inject money into the econ?

A 
New Deal- FDR (D)
Recovery Act (Obama) (D)
86
Q

supply side theory/ reaganomics

A

lower taxes to help businesses regenerate

87
Q

critics of reaganomics

A

trickle down econ: the wealthy will benefit, unlikely these benefits will make their way to individuals not directly impacted by lower tax rates

88
Q

proponents of reaganomics

A

excessive taxation drags down economy and growth of businesses

89
Q

fiscal policy

A

gov use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support econ growth, and stabilize the economy

AP Gov (3 decks)

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