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AP Gov > Ch13 > Flashcards

Ch13 Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

political participation

A

the dif ways in which individuals take action to shape the laws and policies of a gov

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2
Q

______ is a huge factor in electoral success

A

money

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3
Q

Political Action Committees (PACs)

A

political committee organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates

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4
Q

FECA

A

Law that creates limits on PAC donations, monitored by FEC (no limits on support not directly linked to the candidate)

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5
Q

FECA

A

Federal Election Campaign Act

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6
Q

Buckley v Valeo

A

no limit on an individual spending their own money on their campaign

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7
Q

Citizens United

A

non profit corporation that wanted to air a documentary w/i the timeframe, but prohibited

  • corporations /unions entitled to 1st Amendment free speech protections
  • creation of Super PACs- take unlimited donations to spend unl $$ on indirect ads
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8
Q

linkage institutions

A

channels that connect individuals with gov, incl elections, political parties, interest groups & the media

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9
Q

social movement

A

joining of individuals seeking social/ political change w the goal of placing issues on the policy agenda
(protests, attend political meetings, contact elected officials, reach out the other citizens to educate them)

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10
Q

suffrage

A

right to vote (5 out of 17 amendments of BoR)

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11
Q

26th Amendment

A

allows 18+ y/o to vote

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12
Q

24th Amendment

A

prohibits Congress and the states from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections

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13
Q

poll tax

A

a payment by a state or federal government before a citizen in allowed to vote

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14
Q

Voter turnout in the US is ___ among dem states

A

low

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15
Q

voter turnout

A

number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters

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16
Q

Why do/n’t ppl vote?

A
  • institutional figures
  • demographic characteristics
  • whether it’s a presidential election year
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17
Q

demographic characteristics

A

measurable characteristics of a population

econ status, education, age, race, ethnicity, gender

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18
Q

socioeconomic status (SES)

A

measure of an individual’s wealth, income, occupation, and educational attainment

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19
Q

associations w high SES

A
  • higher lvls of participation in elections (donate to campaigns/ joining interest groups)
  • higher lvls of education
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20
Q

political efficacy

A

a person’s belief that they can make effective political change

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21
Q

Why is political efficacy important?

A

the lower it is, the less indivs feel they can make a difference, so they don’t participate

22
Q

young vs old voters

A

younger Americans are less likely to vote

older people are more likely to have a higher income

23
Q

race/ ethnicity/ gender in voting

A

Hispanic citizens lower than other identities

women vote more than men

24
Q

Obama effect

A

could be cause for an inc in voter turnout among African Americans

25
Q

political mobilization

A

efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote

26
Q

partisan attachment

A

indivs most likely to vote w their party affiliation

27
Q

registration requirements

A

set of rules that govern who, how, when, where people vote

28
Q

Who may be limited by registration requirements?

A

homeless, college students, minorities

29
Q

Why might voting registration be limiting?

A

requires proof of residency/ state ID

30
Q

When is election day?

A

First Tuesday after the first Monday in November

31
Q

Why is the day of election an obstacle?

A

It’s a work day

32
Q

Absentee ballot

A

voting completed and submitted by a voter before the day of an election without going to the polls

33
Q

barriers to voting

A

registration requirement
voter ID laws
Tues= workday
felony disenfranchisement

34
Q

rational choice voting

A

voting based on what a citizen believes is in his or her best interest

35
Q

retrospective voting

A

voting based on an assessment of an incumbent’s past performance

36
Q

prospective voting

A

casting a ballot for a candidate who promises to enact policies favored by the voter in the future

37
Q

party- line voting

A

voting for candidates who belong only to one political party for all of the offices on the ballot

38
Q

requirements for POTUS

A

35 y/o
born in the US
resided in US for 14 years

39
Q

who selects the POTUS

A

electoral college

40
Q

two campaign phases

A
  • Nomination campaign

- General election Campaign

41
Q

Nomination Process

A
  • Candidates from the same party compete for the party’s nominations
  • most states hold primary elections, in which voters choose delegates
  • caucus
  • primary elections and caucuses serve the same purpose
42
Q

open elections

A

regardless of party affiliation, eligible voters can participate

43
Q

closed

A

only those registered w the party can participate

44
Q

caucus

A

party members gather to discuss candidates and issues to select delegates

45
Q

general election

A
  • nominees are now up against competing party members, not their own
  • campaign rhetoric is meant to appeal to independent voters as well as base
  • candidates make phone calls, knock on doors, and mobilize the base
46
Q

Electoral College

A
  • vote for a slate of electors pledged to vote for a nominee
  • candidate needs 270/ 538 votes
  • Winner take all system
  • electors chosen from party leaders and activists
47
Q

Who chooses the presidential winner if there is a tie?

A

HoR

48
Q

Winning Electoral College

A

shapes cand’s strat

49
Q

red/ blue state

A

faithful to a single party

50
Q

battleground state

A

state where polls show a close contest btwn R/ D candidate in a pres election

51
Q

swing state

A

state where levels of support for the parties are similar and elections swing back & forth btwn R&D

52
Q

Why are campaigns so expensive

A
  • ads

- professional consultants

AP Gov (3 decks)

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