UNIT 3.5 Flashcards
“What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”
John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815
Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams’ theory about the Revolution?
The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause
“What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”
John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815
Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?
Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies
“We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . .
“We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.
“In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.”
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775
Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense
“We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . .
“We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.
“In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.”
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to challenge the assertion in the excerpt that British attacks on the colonists had been “unprovoked”?
A series of popular boycotts, mob protests, and violence against royal officials
“We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . .
“We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.
“In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.”
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775
The British Crown’s response to actions like those in the excerpt was to
declare the American colonies to be in open rebellion
“That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever.
“That the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years.”
Joseph Galloway, “A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies,” proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774
The key concern that Galloway’s plan was designed to address was the
lack of American representation in the British Parliament
“That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever.
“That the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years.”
Joseph Galloway, “A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies,” proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774
The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1774 which of the following was correct?
Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise between submission to British authority and independence.
“I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . .
“But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still.”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776
The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical processes?
The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic
“I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . .
“But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still.”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776
Paine’s argument “that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still” was most likely in reference to which of the following situations?
The belief among colonists that they had earned a right to greater liberty from Britain
“I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . .
“But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still.”
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776
Which of the following historical situations most directly shaped Paine’s argument that Britain’s policies were economically harming its colonies?
Continued enforcement of mercantilism
Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the change between the two periods shown in the graph?
An expansion of political democracy for White men
Which of the following statements best explains the change over time in the composition of legislatures depicted in the graph?
The concept of republican self-government encouraged individual talent.
“The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that…they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever….
“[E]very principle from which America has acted in the course of their unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration and cause an act of the legislature to be passed whereby they may be restored to the enjoyments of that which is the natural right of all men.”
Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts, January 1777
Which of the following most likely helped to prompt the petition in the excerpt?
American colonists’ declaration of independence from Britain
“The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that…they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever….
“[E]very principle from which America has acted in the course of their unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration and cause an act of the legislature to be passed whereby they may be restored to the enjoyments of that which is the natural right of all men.”
Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts, January 1777
Which of the following developments from the 1800s emerged from ideas most similar to those expressed in the excerpt?
The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
“From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confirmed my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. . . .
“These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. . . .
“If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and . . . to compel obedience to that order also. . . . What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?”
John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, 1768
Which of the following would have been most likely to agree with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
Merchants in New England
