Unit 3.3 - Oceans - Supranational Institutions Flashcards
What is global governance and who controls it?
Global Governance is the rules used to manage human activity at an international level. However, at this scale, laws can be tough to enforce. Global governance is steered by supranational bodies, such as the United Nations (UN) and European Union (EU).
Name the main Supranational Institutions.
UN (United Nations)
EU (European Union
G7 (UK, USA, Germany, Italy, France, Canada and Japan)
G20 (G7 + Russia, China, India and more)
G77(Developing Countries)
NATO (30 North American and European Nations)
What is UNCLOS?
For several decades, UNCLOS has defined the rights and powers which the world’s states have over different parts of the ocean. It has been signed by nearly 170 states (some landlocked countries and the USA have not agreed to sign yet). UNCLOS is a very complex and detailed set of rules.
What is the EEZ?
Since 1982, the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) has granted coastal countries legal rights over ocean resources up to 200 nautical miles from their shoreline. If two or more states’ EEZs overlap, all parties must reach a sharing agreement. EEZ agreements are crucial for global geopolitical stability and maintaining good relations between states.
Name some examples of oil transit chokepoints and the daily amount of oil passing through (million barrels).
Strait of Hormuz - 18
Strait of Malacca - 16
Suez Canal - 5
Mandeb Strait - 5
Danish Strait - 3
Turkish Strait - 2
Panama Canal - 1
What is piracy and what can be done to reduce this?
Criminal attacks are a risk to shipping in piracy hotspots. The annual cost of piracy — including ransom payments and the cost of stolen property – has sometimes reached US$10 billion. Around 10 years ago, East African coastal waters were a piracy hotspot area. More recently, troubles have arisen off the coast of Asia.
National governments and NATO have increased naval patrols in affected areas. Ship owners have adapted in numerous ways, including using water cannons, choosing new routes and driving at faster speeds.
Describe the UK’s Maritime past.
British Imperial Legacy
* Britain’s past as an imperial power has influenced global states.
* At its peak, Britain ruled over 20% of the world’s population and one-quarter of its land area.
* Today, the Commonwealth of Nations includes a global network of English-speaking countries.
* British culture thrives in ex-colonies, including English language and cricket and football participation.
* Some countries maintain the Queen as their head of state.
* Geographical connections persist, with migrants from ex-colonies moving to the UK for work.
* UK cities with maritime heritage are culturally diverse settlements.
