Unit 3 Week 4

Question 1

he designed the first phylogenetic tree

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

transfer of genes between unrelated species

Answer 2

horizontal gene transfer

Question 3

HGT mechanisms are most common in ______

Answer 3

prokaryotes

Question 4

gene transfers are a _____ mechanism where bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

Answer 4

major

Question 5

HGT where bacteria takes up naked DNA

Answer 5

transformation

Question 6

HGT where a virus transfers the genes

Answer 6

transduction

Question 7

HGT where a hollow tube or pilus transfers genes between organisms

Answer 7

conjugation

Question 8

HGT mechanism where random genomic segments are transferred from one prokaryote species to another

Answer 8

small gene transfer agents

Question 9

HGT in eukaryotes has a _____ impact on evolution

Answer 9

small

Question 10

when two symbiotic organisms become endosymbiotic

Answer 10

genome fusion

Question 11

theory where nucleus evolved in prokaryotes first then fusion of the new eukaryote with bacteria that became mitochondria

Answer 11

nucleus first hypothesis

Question 12

theory where mitochondria first established in prokaryotic host which acquired a nucleus by fusion to become a eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

mitochondria first hypothesis

Question 13

theory where prokaryotes evolved from eukaryotes by losing genes and complexity

Answer 13

eukaryote first hypothesis

Question 14

phylogenetic model where all three domains of life evolved from a pool of primitive prokaryotes

Answer 14

ring of life model

Question 15

prokaryotes first thrived in ______ and more ________ areas

Answer 15

dark, protected

Question 16

multi layered sheets of prokaryotes

Answer 16

microbial mats

Question 17

this is excreted to hold together microbial mats

Answer 17

extracellular matrix

Question 18

sedimentary structure formed when minerals are precipitated out of water by prokaryotes in a microbial mats

Answer 18

stromatolites

Question 19

first organisms on earth were (aerobic, anaerobic)

Answer 19

anaerobic

Question 20

autotrophic organisms that convert solar energy into chemical energy

Answer 20

phototrophs

Question 21

cyanobacteria evolved from ________

Answer 21

phototrophs

Question 22

bacteria and archaea that are adapted to grow under extreme conditions

Answer 22

extremophiles

Question 23

extremophile organisms that don’t prefer an extreme environment but have adapted to survive in it

Answer 23

radioresistant organisms

Question 24

culturable organisms that lose their culturability under stressful conditions

Answer 24

viable but non culturable state