Unit 3 Week 1

Question 1

postzygotic isolation- hybrids do not complete development or are frail

Answer 1

reduced hybrid viability

Question 2

unused structures that don’t have a function in the organism, appear to be residual parts from a past common ancestor

Answer 2

vestigial structure

Question 3

came up with the survival of the fittest and worked with Darwin to publish a paper

Answer 3

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 4

created an early list of around 500 species in 300 BC

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

inventor of modern taxonomy, genus species naming scheme, described 4400 species in systemae naturae in 1750

Answer 5

Linnaeus

Question 6

model where new species undergoes changes quickly from parent species, remains unchanged for long periods of time

Answer 6

punctuated equilibrium

Question 7

observed that extinction happens in 1800

Answer 7

Cuvier

Question 8

postzygotic isolation- hybrid itself is viable but sterile

Answer 8

reduced hybrid fertility

Question 9

a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring

Answer 9

species

Question 10

population of a species disperses through an area and they find an isolated habitat, the varied demands of their lifestyles leads to multiple speciation events originating from the same single species

Answer 10

adaptive radiation

Question 11

prezygotic isolation- physical differences between the organisms prevent successful mating

Answer 11

mechanical isolation

Question 12

postzygotic isolation- hybrid itself is viable and fertile, but subsequent offspring are inviable or sterile

Answer 12

hybrid breakdown

Question 13

sympatric speciation that begins with a serious chromosomal error during cell division

Answer 13

aneuploidy

Question 14

original species after selection occurs

Answer 14

ancestor species

Question 15

small-scale changes over small number of generations

Answer 15

microevolution

Question 16

in sympatric speciation, two species involved in generating a polyploid

Answer 16

allopolyploidy

Question 17

mechanisms that prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult

Answer 17

postzygotic isolation

Question 18

prezygotic isolation- species occupy different habitats, never come into contact

Answer 18

habitat isolation

Question 19

synonymous parts among multiple species that have developed differently over time but have the same overall construction

Answer 19

homologous structures

Question 20

prezygotic isolation- individuals do not recognize each other as potential mates

Answer 20

behavioral isolation

Question 21

geographic barrier reduces gene flow

Answer 21

allopatric speciation

Question 22

mechanisms that prevent mating or hinder fertilization before mating occurs

Answer 22

prezygotic isolation

Question 23

prezygotic isolation- sperm is not able to fertilize the egg

Answer 23

gametic isolation

Question 24

competitor of Linnaeus

Answer 24

Buffon

Question 25

large-scale changes over large number of generations

Answer 25

macroevolution

Question 26

the study of the anatomy of an organism’s development to its adult form

Answer 26

embryology

Question 27

area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce to form hybrids

Answer 27

hybrid zone

Question 28

first evolution theory- said that evolutionary mechanism is the passing on of traits acquired by an organism during its lifetime

Answer 28

Lamarckian evolution

Question 29

prezygotic isolation- species breed during different times

Answer 29

temporal isolation

Question 30

individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than individuals that don’t

Answer 30

natural selection

Question 31

when a cell or organism has one or more extra sets of chromosomes

Answer 31

polyploidy

Question 32

type of allopatric speciation where natural situation arises to physically divide organisms

Answer 32

vicariance

Question 33

early fossil discoveries, researched Dorset cliffs in England in 1820

Answer 33

Anning

Question 34

a group of individuals that share a gene pool and includes individuals with different sets of alleles (gene variants)

Answer 34

population

Question 35

a heritable trait or behavior that aids in the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment

Answer 35

adaptation

Question 36

within sympatric speciation, one species involved in generation a polyploid

Answer 36

autopolyploidy

Question 37

formation of two new species from one original species

Answer 37

speciation

Question 38

type of allopatric speciation where few members of a species move to new geographical area

Answer 38

dispersal

Question 39

model where species diverge gradually over time in small steps

Answer 39

gradual speciation

Question 40

concept where a species is a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring

Answer 40

biological species concept

Question 41

subset of population acquires differences

Answer 41

sympatric speciation