Unit 3 vocab amsco Flashcards
Divine Right of Kings
Common claim from the middle ages that the right to rule was given to a king by god. Under this belief, a king was religious and political authority, and believed himself outside of any earthly authority
Justices of the Peace
Officials selected in the landed gentry that maintained peace in the counties of England and were relied on under the Tudor rule. also settled some legal matters and enforced the monarch’s laws
English Bill of Rights
Assured individual civil liberties and protected against tyranny of the monarchy by requiring agreement by Parliament; was signed by William and Mary
Absolute
Directed by one source of power
Cardinal Richelieu
Minister of Louis XIII who moved with him to greater centralization of government and development of system of intendants
Intendants
Royal officials sent out to the provinces to execute orders of the central government. Sometimes called tax farmers
Louis XIV
The “Sun King,” espoused theory of divine right to rule and was a virtual dictator. Wanted to hold absolute power and extend French borders.
Ivan IV
Also known as Ivan the Terrible, established secret police force in all black known as the Oprichnina, who killed anyone Ivan perceived to be a traitor
Romanov Dynasty
Took control of Russia after chaos of Ivan IV’s death. Peter the Great was part of this rule.
Peter I
Ruled during Romanov Dynasty, also known as Peter the Great. He was known as the Defender of the Orthodox and participated in church affairs, though they stopped supporting him over his reforms. He also reorganized the government into provinces
Devshirme
Selection system for military where Christian boys were kidnapped and forced to either work in military or become government officials
Janissaries
Most famous group of Christian boys turned military members that formed elite forces in the Ottoman army.
Daimyo
Landholding aristocrats in Japan who had conflict that left Japan in disarray. Each had an army of warriors called samurai.
Edo
City in present day Tokyo where power shifted after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Tokugawa Ieyasu was shogun before era called the Period of Great Peace
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Declared shogun after death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; ruled before Period of Great Peace.
Period of Great Peace
Era after rule of Tokugawa Ieyasu in the med-19th century
Tokugawa shogunate
Set about reorganizing Japan’s government in order to centralize power and set up essentially a feudal system. Divided Japan into 250 hans, which were small territories each with a daimyo and his samurai to control it.
Askia the Great
claimed predecessor, Sunni Ali, was not a faithful Muslim. Made pilgrimage to Mecca. Made Songhai the largest kingdom in its day and made Islam its official religion.
Akbar
Most capable of the Mughal rulers. Established zamindars, paid government officials in charge of different jobs, such as taxation, construction, and the water supply.
Delhi
Capital from which Akbar established an official government
Shah Jahan
Mughal ruler famous for building the Taj Mahal, a huge mausoleum, as a tomb for his wife
Tax farmers
Another name for the intendants, royal officials who had the task of tax collection
Tax farming
Used by the Ottomans to collect taxes
Tributes
Empires, including China, would collect tributes from other states as a way to dean recognition of their wealth and power.
Zamindars
Paid government officials in charge of specific duties, such as taxation, construction, and water supply
Taj Mahal
Huge mausoleum built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife
Versailles
Where Louis XIV lived and kept his nobles so they couldn’t rebel against him
Boyars
The noble landowning class in Moscow
Serfdom
Peasants who were tied to the land they farmed for the rest of their life
