Unit 3 vocab amsco

Question 1

Divine Right of Kings

Answer 1

Common claim from the middle ages that the right to rule was given to a king by god. Under this belief, a king was religious and political authority, and believed himself outside of any earthly authority

Question 2

Justices of the Peace

Answer 2

Officials selected in the landed gentry that maintained peace in the counties of England and were relied on under the Tudor rule. also settled some legal matters and enforced the monarch’s laws

Question 3

English Bill of Rights

Answer 3

Assured individual civil liberties and protected against tyranny of the monarchy by requiring agreement by Parliament; was signed by William and Mary

Question 4

Absolute

Answer 4

Directed by one source of power

Question 5

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 5

Minister of Louis XIII who moved with him to greater centralization of government and development of system of intendants

Question 6

Intendants

Answer 6

Royal officials sent out to the provinces to execute orders of the central government. Sometimes called tax farmers

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

The “Sun King,” espoused theory of divine right to rule and was a virtual dictator. Wanted to hold absolute power and extend French borders.

Question 8

Ivan IV

Answer 8

Also known as Ivan the Terrible, established secret police force in all black known as the Oprichnina, who killed anyone Ivan perceived to be a traitor

Question 9

Romanov Dynasty

Answer 9

Took control of Russia after chaos of Ivan IV’s death. Peter the Great was part of this rule.

Question 10

Peter I

Answer 10

Ruled during Romanov Dynasty, also known as Peter the Great. He was known as the Defender of the Orthodox and participated in church affairs, though they stopped supporting him over his reforms. He also reorganized the government into provinces

Question 11

Devshirme

Answer 11

Selection system for military where Christian boys were kidnapped and forced to either work in military or become government officials

Question 12

Janissaries

Answer 12

Most famous group of Christian boys turned military members that formed elite forces in the Ottoman army.

Question 13

Daimyo

Answer 13

Landholding aristocrats in Japan who had conflict that left Japan in disarray. Each had an army of warriors called samurai.

Question 14

Edo

Answer 14

City in present day Tokyo where power shifted after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Tokugawa Ieyasu was shogun before era called the Period of Great Peace

Question 15

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Answer 15

Declared shogun after death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; ruled before Period of Great Peace.

Question 16

Period of Great Peace

Answer 16

Era after rule of Tokugawa Ieyasu in the med-19th century

Question 17

Tokugawa shogunate

Answer 17

Set about reorganizing Japan’s government in order to centralize power and set up essentially a feudal system. Divided Japan into 250 hans, which were small territories each with a daimyo and his samurai to control it.

Question 18

Askia the Great

Answer 18

claimed predecessor, Sunni Ali, was not a faithful Muslim. Made pilgrimage to Mecca. Made Songhai the largest kingdom in its day and made Islam its official religion.

Question 19

Akbar

Answer 19

Most capable of the Mughal rulers. Established zamindars, paid government officials in charge of different jobs, such as taxation, construction, and the water supply.

Question 20

Delhi

Answer 20

Capital from which Akbar established an official government

Question 21

Shah Jahan

Answer 21

Mughal ruler famous for building the Taj Mahal, a huge mausoleum, as a tomb for his wife

Question 22

Tax farmers

Answer 22

Another name for the intendants, royal officials who had the task of tax collection

Question 23

Tax farming

Answer 23

Used by the Ottomans to collect taxes

Question 24

Tributes

Answer 24

Empires, including China, would collect tributes from other states as a way to dean recognition of their wealth and power.

Question 25

Zamindars

Answer 25

Paid government officials in charge of specific duties, such as taxation, construction, and water supply

Question 26

Taj Mahal

Answer 26

Huge mausoleum built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife

Question 27

Versailles

Answer 27

Where Louis XIV lived and kept his nobles so they couldn’t rebel against him

Question 28

Boyars

Answer 28

The noble landowning class in Moscow

Question 29

Serfdom

Answer 29

Peasants who were tied to the land they farmed for the rest of their life