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ap world :( > AP WORLD PEOPLE TO KNOW > Flashcards

AP WORLD PEOPLE TO KNOW Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

Queen Elizabeth I

A

brought religious peace to England and destroyed the Spanish Armada

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2
Q

William and Mary

A

After Glorious Revolution, signed English Bill of Rights

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3
Q

Indira Gandhi

A

leader of India during the Cold War who developed nukes and allied with the USSR

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4
Q

Golda Meir

A

prime minister of Israel who led country to victory in Yom Kippur War

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5
Q

Margaret Thatcher

A

the “Iron Lady” who led conservatives in Britain during the 1980s and was a friend to the USA

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6
Q

Jesus

A

the New Testament, founded the Christian Bible, tells of his birth, death, and ressurection

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7
Q

Muhammad

A

the final prophet, tasked with spreading the word of Allah to the world

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8
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

Said that the way to end suffering is found in the Middle Way, by following the Eight-fold Path

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9
Q

Asoka

A

Indian king who converted to Buddhism and spread faith to eastern Asia

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10
Q

Michelangelo

A

artistic accomplishments like David and the Sistine Chapel

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11
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

“Renaissance man” talented in many fields; painted the Mona Lisa

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12
Q

Shakespeare

A

Writer of the Northern Renaissance, works on human emotion still influence people today

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13
Q

Erasmus

A

Christian humanist whose works like “In Praise of Folly” tried to reform Catholicism

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14
Q

Gutenberg

A

Invention of moveable type press advanced literacy, science, reason, and the Enlightenment

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15
Q

Martin Luther

A

95 theses pointed out corruption in the Catholic church and sparked the Reformation

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16
Q

John Calvin

A

His new church taught the belief that God has already chosen who will be saved

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17
Q

King Henry VIII

A

dismissed the authority of the pope when he was denied the right to divorce his wife

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18
Q

Jan Hus

A

early attacks on the Catholic church paved the way for reformers but led to his execution

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19
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Another early reformer who translated the New Testament to English

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20
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

His work in developing the heliocentric theory is considered the starting point of astronomy

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21
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Used math to prove that the planets move in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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22
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

His telescope proved the heliocentric theory correct, but he was put on trial by the Church

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23
Q

Isaac Newton

A

He developed the laws of motion after theorizing that gravity holds objects to the earth

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24
Q

William Harvey

A

Through experimentation and observation, he found that blood is circulated through the heart

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25
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

Encouraged navigation by starting a school for navigators and funding many sea voyages

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26
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

First European to reach India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa

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27
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

His journeys to the “New World” established permanent European settlements

28
Q

Hernando Cortes

A

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire and executed their king, Montezuma

29
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Led a Spanish expedition to the Andes Mountains where they defeated the Incan empire

30
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Voyage around the world made him the first to circumnavigate the globe

31
Q

Francis Drake

A

Second person to circumnavigate the world, but the first from England

32
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

His attempts to find a Northwest passage to India led to his discovery of Canada for France

33
Q

Louis XIV

A

built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power as the “Sun King”

34
Q

Peter the Great

A

After visiting Europe, he returned to Russia with plans to westernize the nation

35
Q

Louis XVI

A

his failure to deal with unrest among the estates led to his execution in the French Revolution

36
Q

Napoleon

A

ended the French Revolution, named himself Emperor, and tried to unite all of Europe

37
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

As leader of the Roundheads, he led the Puritans to victory and and set up a dictatorship

38
Q

Charles I

A

His refusal to work with parliament led to the Civil War that ended when he was beheaded

39
Q

Charles II

A

asked by Parliament to restore England to a monarchy after the death of Cromwell

40
Q

William (and Mary)

A

after Glorious Revolution, he signed the English Bill of Rights and ruled with his wife

41
Q

Voltaire

A

he advocated for religious toleration and separation of church and state

42
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

wrote that an absolute monarch is best for self-protection in his book, Leviathan

43
Q

John Locke

A

in Two Treatises of Government, he explained that our natural rights should be protected

44
Q

Montesquieu

A

wrote The Spirit of Laws, that argued for a separation of powers in government

45
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

his book, the Social Contract, stated that government is a contract between rulers and the people

46
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

was inspired by other Enlightenment thinkers when writing the Declaration of Independence

47
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach

A

composed symphonies in the great, baroque style of music

48
Q

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

A

his classical music compositions are still considered some of the world’s best

49
Q

Miguel de Cervantes

A

his most famous book, Don Quixote, was the first full-length novel written in Europe

50
Q

Eugene Delacroix

A

painted in the Romantic style and is best known for Liberty Leading the People

51
Q

Father Miguel Hidalgo

A

Catholic priest who incited the people to revolt through a sermon

52
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

led a successful slave rebellion against France on the island of Haiti

53
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

led the movements for independence from the Spanish in South America

54
Q

James Monroe

A

Monroe Doctrine guaranteed independence for the Americas against European intervention

55
Q

Count Cavour

A

used strategic alliances to unite the northern states of Italy against Austria and France

56
Q

Giuseppe Garibaldi

A

nationalist leader of the unification movement in southern Italy who relied on war

57
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

“Iron Chancellor” who used warfare to unite the German states under Wilhelm I

58
Q

James Hargreaves

A

invented the spinning jenny, which allowed textile factories to spin cotton at much faster rates

59
Q

James Watt

A

invention of the steam engine allowed factories and trains to be powered by coal

60
Q

Eli Whitney

A

his invention of the cotton gin increased demand for slaves in the United States

61
Q

Henry Bessemer

A

his steel making process made it faster and cheaper to produce steel

62
Q

Edward Jenner

A

discovered he could inoculate people against smallpox by injecting them with cowpox

63
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Pasteurization and Germ Theory of Disease are just 2 of his contributions to science

64
Q

Adam Smith

A

in The Wealth of Nations, described his theory of a free-market, laissez faire economy

65
Q

Karl Marx

A

co-wrote the Communist Manifesto to describe the plight of the working class

66
Q

Friedrich Engels

A

books described the class struggle that would lead from capitalism to communism

ap world :( (5 decks)

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