unit 1 vocab Flashcards
champa rice
fast ripening, drought-resistant strain of rice from the Champa kingdom (present day Vietnam) greatly expanded production in China
proto-indstrialization
set of economic changes where people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell
artisans
skilled craftworkers
scholar gentry
Chinese social class educated in Confucian philosophy, became the most influential social class in China
filial piety
the duty of family members to subordinate their desires to the male family head and the ruler
grand canal
inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles. expansion of the canal allowed China, under the Song dynasty, to become the most popular trading area in the world
Song Dynasty
Dynasty that ruled China from the 10th-13th centuries and was leading example of diversity & innovation in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas during the 13th century
imperial bureaucracy
vast organization that appointed officials to carry out the empire’s policies
meritocracy
bureaucratic system in which officials obtained positions by demonstrating merit on exams
woodblock printing
allowed the Chinese to print things like scriptures & books with woodblocks
foot binding
the practice of wrapping young girls’ feet so tightly that the bones grew unnaturally; signified social status
Buddhism
religion originating in India that traveled to China via the Silk Road. Focused on the 4 Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path
Theraveda Buddhism
branch of Buddhism focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline. Strongest in Southeast Asia
Mahayana Buddhism
focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service. Strongest in China and Korea
Tibetan Buddhism
focused on chanting. Strongest in Tibet
Syncretic
fused, combined
Chan/Zen Buddhism
fused religion between Buddhism & Chinese Daoism. Focused on direst experience/meditation rather than formal learning
Neo-Confucianism
syncretic system that evolved in China and combined rational thought with beliefs from Daoism and Buddhism
Heian period
period where Japanese culture emulated Chinese culture
nuclear families
family of wife, husband, and kids (no extended family) living together
polygyny
practice of having multiple wives, concept rejected by Vietnam
Mamluk Sultanate
empire formed after Mamluks, enslaves people in Egypt, overtook the government
Seljuk Turks
group that started conquering the Middle East in the 11th century, extending power as far as West China
Sultan
Seljuk leader’s title
Mongols
4th group to attack the Abbasid Empire, from Central Asia
Abbasid Caliphate
new state led by Arabs and Persians
Mamluks
enslaved people purchased by Arabs
Muhammad
Arab leader, founder of Islam
Crusaders
group of soldiers organized by European Christians to reopen access in Jerusalem
Sufis
People of the religion Sufism, focused on introspection to grasp truths they believed couldn’t be understood through learning
House of Wisdom
renowned center of learning in Baghdad
Baghdad
place many goods and ideas travelled through; also home to the center of learning. lost wealth and population once trade route shifted north
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
one of the most celebrated Islamic scholars, contributing to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy, and medicine
