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Health Assessment > unit 3 vocab > Flashcards

unit 3 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

valvular stenosis

A
  • tissues forming the valve leaflets become stiffer, narrowing the valve opening and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it
  • heart murmur
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2
Q

valvular insufficiency

A
  • leaflets do not close completely, letting blood leak backward across the valve
  • heart murmur
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3
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A
  • abnormal opening (hole) b/t ventricles

* heart murmur

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4
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • affected by lifestyle
  • leading cause of death
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5
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

•blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff
•restricts blood flow to your organs and tissues
•20-40 mmHg change in systolic
•increased pulse pressure
*hardening of arteries

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A
  • type of arteriosclerosis

* buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaques), which can restrict blood flow

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7
Q

pulse pressure

A

•difference b/t systolic and diastolic

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8
Q

arrhythmia

A
  • conduction disorders
  • irregular heart beat
  • ectopic beats
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9
Q

angina

A
  • severe chest pain
  • heart muscle ischemia
  • r/t lack of O2 to heart muscle
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10
Q

myocardial infarction

A
  • heart attack

* r/t NO O2 getting to heart muscle

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11
Q

orthopnea

A
  • difficulty breathing when laying down

* must be upright to breathe

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12
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

A

•wake up short of breath

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13
Q

hypoalbuminemia

A
  • low albumin levels

* causes edema

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14
Q

bruit

A
  • turbulent blood flow

* swooshing sound

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15
Q

thrill

A

•palpable vibration

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16
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A
  • HR varies w/ breathing

* common in children

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17
Q

midsystolic click

A
  • extra heart sound r/t murmur

* most common MVP

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18
Q

friction rub

A
  • extra heart soud r/t murmur

* a scratching or squeaking sound

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19
Q

rheumatic heart dz

A

•reduced fxnl capacity of heart

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20
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A
  • mitral valve doesn’t close
  • leaky valve
  • more common in women
  • causes mid systolic click sound
  • doesn’t usually cause problem for pt
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21
Q

intraluminal valves

A
  • in veins

* help blood flow back to heart against gravity

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22
Q

pit

A
  • depression left for 5-30 sec
  • 1+: 2 mm
  • 2+: 4 mm
  • 3+: 6 mm
  • 4+: 8 mm
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23
Q

thrombosis

A
  • blood clot

* local

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24
Q

embolism

A
  • blood clot

* traveling thrombosis

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25
Q

gangrene

A

•localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from either obstructed circulation or bacterial infection

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26
Q

nocturia

A

•retained fld from lower extremity excreted

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27
Q

hematopoiesis

A
  • RBC production

* occurs in bone marrow

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28
Q

ligament

A
  • fibrous bands from BONE to BONE
  • strengthen joint
  • prevent undesirable movement
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29
Q

bursa

A

•fluid filled sacs located a friction points

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30
Q

cartilage

A
  • covers surface of opposing bones
  • tough, firm, flexible
  • allows bones to slide, reduces friction, absorbs shock
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31
Q

fascia

A

•bundles of muscle fibers

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32
Q

tendon

A

•connects MUSCLE to BONE

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33
Q

protraction

A

•moving body part forward and parallel to ground

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34
Q

retraction

A

•moving body part backward and parallel to ground

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35
Q

fasiculation

A
  • small, local, and involuntary muscle ctx and rlx

* mini tremor

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36
Q

muscle bulk

A

•hypertrophy or atrophy

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37
Q

crepitus

A

•crackling or popping of joints

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38
Q

atony

A

•lacking muscle tone

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39
Q

hypotonicity

A

•having less than normal muscle tone

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40
Q

flaccidity

A
  • softening
  • weak
  • lacking firmness
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41
Q

spasticity

A

•tight or stiff muscles that can’t be controlled

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42
Q

spasm

A

•sudden, involuntary muscle ctx/movement

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43
Q

tremor

A

•involuntary quiver/shaking

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44
Q

goniometer

A
  • measures angle of joint movement
  • fully extended = 0°
  • flexed = 150°
  • hyper-extended = neg. °
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45
Q

Phalen’s test

A
  • carpel tunnel test
  • dorsum of hands together for min
  • indicates carpel tunnel if numb/burn
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46
Q

Tinel’s sign

A
  • carpel tunnel test
  • direct percussion of median nerve
  • indicates carpel tunnel if burn/tingle
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47
Q

Varus stress test

A
  • looking for laxity (give/wobble)
  • testing for torn meniscus/cartilage in knee
  • INTERNALLY rotate leg and pull away
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48
Q

valgus stress test

A
  • looking for laxity (give/wobble)
  • testing for torn meniscus/cartilage in knee
  • EXTERNALLY rotate leg and pull away
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49
Q

rheumatoid

A
  • Systemic inflammatory dz of joints and connective tissue
  • thickening of synovial membrane
  • fibrosis and bony ankylosis
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50
Q

ankylosis

A

•abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint

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51
Q

bone spur

A
  • outgrowth of bone that occurs along the edges
  • most often found at joints
  • seen in osteoarthritis
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52
Q

atrophy

A

•loss of muscle mass

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53
Q

polydactyly

A

•extra digits

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54
Q

syndactyly

A
  • fingers or toes wholly or partly united

* webbed

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55
Q

gout

A
  • any kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in joints
  • acute- affects 1 joint
  • chronic- repeated episodes of multiple joint pain
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56
Q

osteopenia

A

•bone density 1.0-2.5 standard deviations below mean

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57
Q

osteoporosis

A

•bone density ≥ 2.5 standard deviations below mean

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58
Q

stereognosis

A

•ability to identify an object by touch

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59
Q

dermatome

A
  • band of skin innervated by sensory root of single spinal nerve
  • helps localize lesion to specific spinal cord segment
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60
Q

senile tremors

A
  • benign hand, head nodding

* tongue protrusion

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61
Q

dyskimesias

A
  • abnormal movement

* repetitive movements of jaw, lips, or tongue

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62
Q

dysarthria

A
  • difficulty w/ motor aspect of speech
  • difficulty w/ tongue and mouth movements
  • physical dysfunction
  • different than dysphasia b/c not difficulty finding/forming words
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63
Q

syncope

A
  • temporary LOC
  • fainting
  • BP dropping
64
Q

static (resting) tremor

A
  • occurs when at rest

* can usually stop by moving affected body part

65
Q

postural (action) tremor

A

•occur when trying to hold body part still or when moving deliberately

66
Q

vertigo

A
  • rotational spinning
  • literally feel like room is spinning
  • light headedness
67
Q

aura

A
  • auditory, visual, or motor sensation
  • usually precedes seizure
  • SUBJECTIVE
68
Q

paresis

A
  • partial loss

* partial paralysis

69
Q

paralysis

A

•total loss of motor fxn

70
Q

paresthesia

A
  • abnormal sensation

* burning, tingling, etc

71
Q

cerebellar ataxia

A

•pt cannot stand w/ feet together and maintain balance whether eyes open or closed

72
Q

rapid alternating movements (RAM)

A

•flipping hands on knees

73
Q

bradykinesia

A

•slow movements

74
Q

kinesthesia

A

•awareness of position and movement of body parts

75
Q

graphesthesia

A

•ability to recognize “tracing” on skin

76
Q

clonus

A
  • muscular spasm involving repeated, often rhythmic, contractions
  • reflexes hypersensitive (4+)
  • common in MS
77
Q

isometric ctx

A

•muscle remains same length and tenses

78
Q

ABC

A
  • airway
  • breathing
  • circulation
79
Q

dystonia

A
  • constant state of resistance

* hand or foot bent inward

80
Q

delirium

A
  • an ACUTEly disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders
  • restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech
  • changes r/t hospitalization, meds, surgery, ICU
81
Q

dementia

A
  • a CHRONIC or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury
  • memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning
  • slow onset
82
Q

calf muscles

A

•responsible fro moving blood supply from feet to IVC

83
Q

intermittent claudication

A
  • pain with exertion

* problem with arterial blood flow to extremities

84
Q

pubic symphysis

A
  • cartilage that hold pelvic bone together

* separates during delivery

85
Q

internal rotation

A
  • rotation towards center of body

* Ex: hand to scapula

86
Q

p

87
Q

P-A; P/A; PA

A

posterior-anterior

88
Q

P&A

A

percussion and auscultation

89
Q

pap test

A

papaniocolaou smear

90
Q

PCA

A

patient controlled analgesia

91
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation

92
Q

PMH

A

past medical history

93
Q

PMI

A

point of maximum impulse

94
Q

PO; p.o

95
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative (TB test)

96
Q

PRN, p.r.n

A

as required

97
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

98
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

physical therapy

99
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

100
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

101
Q

q.i.d

A

four times daily

102
Q

R

103
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

red blod count

104
Q

RDA

A

recommended daily/dietary allowance

105
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

106
Q

RLE

A

right lower extremity

107
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe

108
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

109
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe of lung

110
Q

R/O

111
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

112
Q

ROS

A

review of symptoms

113
Q

RR

A

recover room

respiratory rate

114
Q

RT

A

radiation therapy
reading test
respiration therapy

115
Q

R/T

A

related to

116
Q

RUE

A

right upper extremity

117
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe

118
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

119
Q

s

120
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

121
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

122
Q

sol

A

solution

dissolved

123
Q

Sp.gr., SG, s.g

A

specific gravity

124
Q

staph

A

staphylococcus

125
Q

stat

A

immediately

126
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted dz

127
Q

Sub q

A

subcutaneous injection

128
Q

strep

A

streptococcus

129
Q

s/s

A

signs and symptoms

130
Q

sx

131
Q

sym

A

symmetrical

132
Q

T

A

temperature

133
Q

tab

134
Q

TAH

A

total abdominal hysterectomy

135
Q

T & A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

136
Q

TB

A

tuberculin
tuberculosis
tubercle bacillus

137
Q

t.i.d.

A

three times a day

138
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition

139
Q

TPR

A

temperature, pulse, & respiration

140
Q

TSE

A

testicular self-examination

141
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

142
Q

Tx

143
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

144
Q

UE

A

upper extremity

145
Q

Umb; umb

146
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

147
Q

US

A

ultrasound

148
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

149
Q

UV

A

ultraviolet

150
Q

vol

151
Q

VS; v.s.

A

vital signs

152
Q

WBC; wbs

A

white blood cell count

153
Q

WN

A

well nourished

154
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

155
Q

wt

156
Q

y; yr

157
Q

y/o

Health Assessment (8 decks)

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