Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

Ethnic enclave

Answer 1

a geographical area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered and socially and economically distinct from the majority group.

Question 2

Popular cultures

Answer 2

Heterogeneous culture that is more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new technologies; the opposite of a local culture

Question 3

Hearth

Answer 3

A focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from which they spread

Question 4

Cultural relativism

Answer 4

understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic

Question 5

Folk

Answer 5

The practice of particular customs of a relatively small group of people that increases that group’s uniqueness

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer’s culture

Question 7

Contagious diffusion

Answer 7

in the manner of a contagious disease or forest fire, moving throughout space without regard for hierarchy

Question 8

Pidgin

Answer 8

A trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact

Question 9

Cultural convergence

Answer 9

The idea that cultures are converging or becoming more alike

Question 10

Animism

Answer 10

natural phenomena such as thunder, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, and other entities of the natural environment

Question 11

Stimulus

Answer 11

Occurs when a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted

Question 12

Relocation

Answer 12

Occurs when individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice migrate from one location to another, thereby bringing the idea or practice to their new homeland

Question 13

Universalizing

Answer 13

A religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application

Question 14

Creolization

Answer 14

The linguistic process where languages converge and creat new languages and forms of communication

Question 15

Hierarchical

Answer 15

from one important person, community, or city to another, bypassing other persons, communities, or rural areas

Question 16

Assimilation

Answer 16

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many culturally distinctive traits

Question 17

Acculturation

Answer 17

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially

Question 18

Expansion

Answer 18

Occurs when ideas or practices spread throughout a population, from area to area, in a snowballing process, so that the total number of knowers or users and the areas of occurrence increase

Question 19

Sequent occupance

Answer 19

Refers to the fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time; those groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of those places and left behind layers of meaning

Question 20

Dialect

Answer 20

A regional variation of a language that is understood by people who speak other variations of that language

Question 21

Syncretism

Answer 21

The blending of beliefs, ideas, practices, and traits, especially in a religious context

Question 22

Lingua franca

Answer 22

A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue

Question 23

Multiculturalism

Answer 23

A set of policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, national politics, and cultural institutions with the goal of embracing difference within society

Question 24

Taboo

Answer 24

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Question 25

Isogloss

Answer 25

a boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions