Unit 3 topic 1 - localisation of functions in the brain

Question 1

define

CNS

Answer 1

comprises of the brina and spinal cord; controls the body by processing and responding to sensory input

Question 2

define

PNS

Answer 2

comprises of the somatic and autonomoic nervous systems; communicates sensory info from the body to the CNS and to the body’s organs, glands and muscles

Question 3

define

roel fo the brain

Answer 3

brain comprises of the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain; responsible for recieving and responding to sensory info to act

Question 4

define

role of the spinal cord

Answer 4

the bundle of nerce fibres connnecting the brain to the PNS; responsible for the communication between the CNS & PNS and the spinal reflex

Question 5

define

somatic nervous system

Answer 5

carries sensory info into CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the skeletal muscles; controls the coluntary movement of skeletal msuscles

Question 6

define

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

consists of the para & sympathetic nervous system; responsible for the communication between the body’s nonskeletal muscles and the internal organs/glands which carry out bodily functions

often not voluntary - automatic functions

Question 7

define

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

a branch of the autonomic NS; responsible for activiating the fight-fright-or-freeze response - the emergency system that is activated when the body is threatened

Question 8

define

parasypmpathetic nervous system

Answer 8

responsible for maintaining day-to-day functioning such as heart rate, digestion, breathing and glandular functions

para - keeps the peace

Question 9

define

the cerebral cortex

Answer 9

outer surface of the cerebrum; responsible for recieving info from the envrionment, controlling our responses, andallowing complex voluntary movements and high order thinking processes

Question 10

define

the cerebrum

Answer 10

the forebrain; most responsible for voluntary movement and complex though processes such as perception, imagination, judgement and decision-making

Question 11

define

the frontal lobe

Answer 11

responsible for intitiaing movement, sleep, language, planning, judgement, problem-solving, aspects of personalitiy and emotions; primary motor cortex is responisble for movement of the skeletal muscles

Question 12

define

parietal lobe

Answer 12

enables a person to percieve their own body and where things are located in their immediate environment; primary somatosensory processes sensations from touch

Question 13

define

occipital lobe

Answer 13

involved with the integration of visual stimuli; primary visual cortex processes info from the eyes

Question 14

define

temporal lobe

Answer 14

processes auitory information/sensation recieved by the ears; primary auditory cortex recieves sounds from the ears

Question 15

define

broca’s area

Answer 15

located in the left frontal lobe; responsible for coordinating movement of lips, tongue and vocal words to articulate words - speech productions

words

Question 16

define

wernicke’s area

Answer 16

left temporal lobe; responsible for language reception and interpretation and for creating grammatcally correct speech

grammatically correct spech

Question 17

define

geshwind’s territory

Answer 17

parietal lobe; provides connections between Broca’s and Wernicke’s area and allows people to understand the meaning of particular words

Question 18

define

monosynaptic reflex arc

Answer 18

a reflex arc made up of only two neurons - one sensory and one motor

Question 19

deinfe

polysynaptic reflex arc

Answer 19

a reflex arc made up of multiple neurons - one or more interneuron connecting the sensory and motor neurons

Question 20

define

basal ganglia

Answer 20

a set of structures involved in the control of movement, gathering and channelling info from different areas of the brain

Question 21

define

the cerebellum

Answer 21

the area of the brain responsible for coordinating and remembering smooth. well-sequenced movements

Question 22

define

the lymbic system

Answer 22

a structure of the brain consisting of the amygdala, hypothalamus and midbrain; implicated in memory, emotion, behaviour and motiviation

Question 23

define

hippocampus

Answer 23

responsible for consolidation of explicitmemories and transfers these memories to other parts of the brain for storage as LTM

Question 25

define

hypothalamus

Answer 25

plays a major role in controlling emotion and motivated behaviours such as drinking, eating and sexual activity

Question 26

deinfe

amygdala

Answer 26

central to emotion, aggression and implicit learning

Question 27

inedef

acetylcholine

Answer 27

a neurotransmitter in the brain, spinal cord and PNS; involved in the muscle contractions, learning and memory and REM sleep

Question 28

define

Epinepherine

aka adrenalin

Answer 28

a neurotransmitter and hormone involved in stress responses; plays a key role in the fight-fright-or-freeze response by increasing heart rate, hieghtened blood pressure and increased respiratory rate

Question 29

define

norepinephrine

Answer 29

ainvolved in stress responses, alterness, arousal, emotional regulation and attention

Question 30

define

dopamine

Answer 30

involved in thoughts, feelings, motivations and reinforcing behaviours

associated with Parkinson’s disease

Question 31

define

serotonin

Answer 31

involved in regulating mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain; decreased of serotonin is link to depression

Question 33

define

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 33

a progressive neurological confition, known to affect the control of movement; caused by a degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons - symptoms are slowness of movement, rigidity, and involuntary movement of the hand, arms, feet, legs or jaws

Question 34

define

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 34

a disease that prgressively destorys neurons in the brian causing memory loss, confusion, impared attention and depression