U4 T3 attitudes

Question 1

define

attitudes

Answer 1

Attitudes are positive or negative feelings or opinions about a particular situation, group of people or subject.

Question 2

define

implicit attitudes

Answer 2

Involuntary, uncontrolled or unconscious attitudes that individuals are often unaware they hold, even though they may influence their behaviour

Question 3

define

explicit attidues

Answer 3

Individuals are open about and act in a way that is aligned with their behaviour

Question 4

define

Affective component

Answer 4

How an individual feels about an attitude object; Feelings behind an attitude

Question 5

define

Behavioural component:

Answer 5

How a person behaves towards the attitude object

Question 6

define

Cognitive component:

Answer 6

How a person thinks about the attitude object

Question 7

define

tri-componenet model of attitudes

Answer 7

structures attitudes as a combination of beliefs, feelings and behaviours. It states that there are 3 components: affective, behavioural, and cognitive

Question 8

define

Cogntiive dissonance:

Answer 8

The theory that emphasises a person will feel uncomfortable and try to maintain an internal consistency and agreement between their beliefs and behaviours by altering beliefs to match behaviours

internal conflict that we experience when our attitudes and behaviours do not align

Question 9

define

Effort justification

Answer 9

can occur when a person experience cognitive dissonance and go to great effort to justify their actions to make themselves feel better about misaligned attitudes and behaviour

Question 10

define

social categorisation

Answer 10

Comparing our in-group with other groups to affirm our identity; Through categorising people and ourselves, we judge other’ behaviour based on how we think they should act

Question 11

define

Social identification

Answer 11

A process where people modify their behaviour, attitudes and beliefs to match the group that they belong to; By identifying with a group, you are stating that you belong with them

Question 12

define

Social comparison

Answer 12

We compare our in group to other out-groups; Vital for groups to maintain their self-esteem and sense of self as they need to uphold a difference to out-groups and affirm their identity

Question 13

define

stereotypes

Answer 13

way to conveniently categories and simplify the world around us; Once stereotypes are formed, however, it can often lead to prejudice and discrimination.

Question 14

define

prejudice

Answer 14

The negative attitude we hold towards a particular group of people that often stem from stereotyping and can be formed on the basis of social differences; just the thoughts not action

Question 15

define

discrimination

Answer 15

Prejudice expressed through behaviour/actions

Question 16

define

attribution

Answer 16

explaining behaviours by making assumptions and conclusions to make sense of events and behaviours of people

Question 17

define

dispositional factors

Answer 17

The assumption that behaviour is due to internal or personal factors; Moods, attitudes and traits

Question 18

define

situational factors

Answer 18

the assumption that behaviour is due to envrionmental or external factors; settings or actions of another person

Question 19

define

fundamental attributione rror

Answer 19

when people place too much emphasis on dispositional factos and too little emphasis on situaiontal factors

Question 20

define

bias

Answer 20

a form of an opinion or belief

Question 21

define

self-serving bias

Answer 21

a tendency to view ourselves more favourably than other in the same position, to uphold our self-esteem and avoid acknowledging our flaws

Question 22

define

comfirmation bias

Answer 22

the tendency to search for, recall and interpret information to suit already held belieds