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BIOL 1050H - Human Anatomy > Unit 3 - The Heart > Flashcards

Unit 3 - The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Right side of the heart

Carries blood from lungs > heart > lungs

Gas exchange

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2
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Left side of the heart

Carries blood from heart > tissues > heart

Transports oxygenated blood

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3
Q

Base (of the heart)

A

Wide upper (superior) portion of the heart where large vessels attach

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4
Q

Apex (of the heart)

A

Narrow, pointed (tip), inferior portion of the heart

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5
Q

Pericardium

A

Double-walled sac that encloses the heart

Parietal layer (outer layer): two smaller layers, one of fibrous connective tissue and a thin serous layer

Visceral layer (inner layer): made of serous membrane

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6
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Space between the layers of the pericardium that contians pericardial fluid

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

The visceral pericardium

The outermost layer of the three layers (epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium)

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle of the heart

Thickest layer

The second layer of the three layers (epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium)

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9
Q

Endocardium

A

Lines the inner surfaces of the heart

The third (innermost) layer of the three layers (epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium)

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10
Q

Right Atria

A

Right superior chamber

Receives blood returning to the heart

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11
Q

Left Atria

A

Left superior chamber

Receives blood returning to the heart

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12
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Right inferior chamber

Pumps blood into arteries and away from the heart

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13
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Left inferior chamber

Pumps blood into arteries and away from the heart

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14
Q

Interatrial Septum

A

Muscle wall that separates the atria

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15
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

Muscle wall that separates the ventricles

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16
Q

Tricuspid Valve (Right AV Valve)

A

Controls flow between the right atria and ventricle

Three cusps

17
Q

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve (Left AV Valve)

A

Controls flow between the left atria and ventricle

Two cusps

18
Q

Chordae Tendinae

A

Cords that connect the AV valves to papillary muscles on the floor of the ventricles

19
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

Controls flow into great arteries

2 semilunar valves: pulmonary valve and aortic valve

20
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A

Opening between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

21
Q

Aortic Semilunar Valve

A

Opening between left ventricle and aorta

22
Q

Blood Flow Circuit

A
  1. Superior and inferior venae cavae
  2. Right atrium
  3. Right ventricle
  4. Pulmonary valve
  5. Pulmonary trunk
  6. Right and left lungs
  7. Pulmonary veins
  8. Left atrium
  9. Left ventricle
  10. Aortic valve
  11. Ascending aorta
  12. Body organs
23
Q

Cardiomyocytes

A

Cardiac muscle cells

Myogenic pacemaker

Autorhythmic

Striated

Short, thick, branched cells

Contacts several others to form a network

Joined by intercalated discs

Contains desmosomes and gap junctions

Looks like varying levels of pink striated blocks separated by thin discs with intermittent purple nuclei

24
Q

Cardiac Conduction System

A
  1. SA node
  2. Atrial myocardium
  3. AV node
  4. AV bundle
  5. Purkinje fibres
  6. Ventricular myocardium
25
Q

Atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus

A

Separates atria and ventricles

26
Q

Interventricular Sulci (2)

A

Overlies interventricular septum that divides right ventricle from left

Contain coronary arteries

27
Q

Coronary Circulation

A

Blood flow to the heart itself

28
Q

Left Arterial Supply

A

Consists of: left coronary artery, anterior interventricular branch, and circumflex branch

29
Q

Left Coronary Artery

A

Branches off the ascending aorta

Supplies blood to the left atrium, both ventricles, 2/3 of the anterior interventricular septum, and the posterior left ventricle

30
Q

Anterior Interventricular Branch

A

Supplies blood to both ventricles and 2/3 of the anterior interventricular septum

31
Q

Circumflex Branch

A

Supplies left atrium

Supplies posterior left ventricle

Passes around left side of heart in coronary sulcus

Gives off left marginal branch

Ends on the posterior side of the heart

32
Q

Right Arterial Supply

A

Consists of: right coronary artery, right marginal branch, and posterior interventricular branch

Supplies blood to right atrium, SA node, right ventricle, and the posterior walls of ventricles

33
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Braches off ascending aorta

Supplies right atrium and SA node

34
Q

Right Marginal Branch

A

Supplies lateral aspect of the right atrium and ventricle

35
Q

Posterior Interventricular Branch

A

Supplies posterior walls of ventricles

36
Q

Heart Venous Drainage

A

Coronary blood returns to right atrium by way of the coronary sinus

Coronary sinus has three inputs: great cardiac vein, posterior interventricular, and left marginal vein

37
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Receive conductive signals and activate the ventricles by stimulating the ventricular myocardium

BIOL 1050H - Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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