Unit 2 - Human Tissues

Question 1

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 1

Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion, and absorption

Found in the epidermis, inner lining of digestive tract, liver, and other glands

Question 2

Connective Tissue

Answer 2

Tissue usually has more matrix than cell volume, often specialized to support, bind, and protect organs

Found in tendons and ligaments, cartilage and bone, and the blood

Vascular

Question 3

Muscular Tissue

Answer 3

Tissue composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction

Found in skeletal muscles, heart (cardiac muscle), and the walls of viscera (smooth muscle)

Question 4

Nervous Tissue

Answer 4

Tissue contains excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Contains neurons and nueroglia (gial cells)

Receives and transmits electrical and chemical signals

Question 5

Longitudinal

Answer 5

Cut on long axis

Question 6

Cross

Answer 6

Cut perpendicular to long axis

Question 7

Oblique

Answer 7

Cut on a slant between longitudinal and and cross section

Question 8

Fixative

Answer 8

Prevents decay and holds the sample together

Question 9

Stain

Answer 9

Provides contrast between tissues or components of a cell

Question 10

Section

Answer 10

Tissue sliced into thin sections

Question 11

Basement Membrane

Answer 11

Layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

Question 12

Basal Surface

Answer 12

Faces basement membrane (bottom)

Question 13

Apical Surface

Answer 13

Faces away from the basement membrane (away/outside)

Question 14

Lateral Surface

Answer 14

Surface between cells

Question 15

Matrix

Answer 15

Substance between cells that contains fibrous proteins and interstitial fluid

Question 16

Lumen

Answer 16

The opening or the inside of a tubular body structure that is lined by tissues

Question 17

Simple Epithelium

Answer 17

Every cell touches the basement membrane in a single row

Question 18

Stratified Epithelium

Answer 18

Some cells rest on top of one another and do not touch the basement membrane (stacked)

Question 19

Simple Squamous

Answer 19

Single row of thin, flat cells

Found in alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

Rapid diffusion/transporting of substances

Secreteserous fluid

Question 20

Stratified Squamous

Answer 20

Multiple layers of thin, flat cells

Question 21

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 21

Single row of cube-like cells

Found in the liver, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, and kidney tubules

Absorption

Secretion

Mucous production and movement

Question 22

Stratified Cuboidal

Answer 22

Multiple layers of cube-like cells

Found in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules

Rare

Secretes sweat, produces sperm, and produces ovarian hormones

Question 23

Simple Columnar

Answer 23

Single row of tall rectangular cells

Nuclei at the basal half of the cell

Microvilli

Ciliated in some organs

May have goblet cells

Absorption

Secretion

Found in the GI tract lining, uterus, kidney, and uterine tubes

Question 24

Stratified Columnar

Answer 24

Multiple layers of tall rectangular cells

Found in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules

Rare

Secretes sweat, produces sperm, produces ovarian hormones

Question 25

Pseudostratified

Answer 25

All cells reach the basement membrane but have the illusion of being on top of one another Nuclei at several layers Cilia Goblet cells Secretes and propels mucous Found int he respiratory tract and portions of the male urethra

Question 26

Keratinized

Answer 26

Type of tissue where there is a layer of dead cells (without nuclei) present on the apical surface Found on skin surface Contain keratin and glycolipid Abrasion resistant

Question 27

Nonkeratinized

Answer 27

Type if tissue where there is NOT a layer of dead cells present on the apical surface Resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens Found on the tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina

Question 28

Pseudostratified

Answer 28

All cells reach the basement membrane but have the illusion of being on top of one another Nuclei at several layers Cilia Goblet cells Secretes and propels mucous Found in the respiratory tract and portions of the male urethra

Question 29

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 29

Voluntary, made of muscle fibres containing striations Looks like long rows of dark and light bands Attached to bone Multiple nuclei

Question 30

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 30

Involuntary, striated Only found in the heart Looks like stacks of rectangular red-striated blocks with intermittent white discs containing purple nuclei Myocytes (cardiocytes)

Question 31

Smooth Muscle

Answer 31

Involuntary No striations Found in walls of hollow organs Visceral muscle Looks like long, red rope-like stretches with purple nuclei

Question 32

Loose Fibrous Connective

Answer 32

Much of the space is occupied by ground substance between cells

Question 33

Adipose Connective

Answer 33

Adipocytes Loose connective tissue and blood capillaries between adipocytes

Question 34

Cartilage Connective (Supportive)

Answer 34

Found in the ear, tip of nose, and "adam's apple" Stiff Flexible matrix Chondroblasts (trapped in lacunae) No blood vessels Diffusion

Question 35

Bone Connective (Supportive)

Answer 35

Osteons Hard Calcified Found in the bones of the skeleton

Question 36

Blood Connective (Fluid)

Answer 36

Transports cells and dissolved matter Three components: plasma, leukocytes & thrombocytes, and erythrocytes

Question 37

Dense Fibrous Connective

Answer 37

Fibres are more abundant than ground substance

Question 38

Dense Regular Fibrous Connective

Answer 38

Fibres follow the same pattern Looks like waves of fibres

Question 39

Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective

Answer 39

Fibres so not follow the same pattern and are sporadically placed

Question 40

White Fat

Answer 40

Body's primary energy reservoir Thermal insulation Cushions organs

Question 41

Brown Fat

Answer 41

Found in infants and children Colour from blood vessels and mitochondria Heat-generating tissue

Question 42

Hyaline Cartilage Connective

Answer 42

Found in joints, anterior ends of ribs, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton, and nose Purpose is to ease joint movements, holds airways open, and moves vocal cords Collagen Looks like purple matrix with medium-sized circular cells with dark purple nuclei

Question 43

Elastic Cartilage Connective

Answer 43

Found in the ear and epiglottis Purpose is to provide flexible, elastic support Elastic fibres Looks like blue matrix with large circular cells with elastic fibres surrounding

Question 44

Fibrocartilage Cartilage Connective

Answer 44

Found in the pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs Purpose is to resist compression and absorb shock Looks like bundles of fibres with intermittent bundles of dark purple nuceli

Question 45

Compact Bone Connective

Answer 45

Dense Calcified No visible spaces Looks like hollow cylinders with surrounding rings Blood vessels and nerves travel through the central canals Makes up the majority of bone mass Cortical bone

Question 46

Spongy Bone Connective

Answer 46

Filled with red bone marrow Surrounded by compact bone Found in the heads of long bones and in the middle of flat bones (e.g., sternum) Cancellous bone Contain trabeculae (layers of bone matrix arranged in delicate struts)