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BIOL 1050H - Human Anatomy > Unit 2 - Human Tissues > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Human Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion, and absorption

Found in the epidermis, inner lining of digestive tract, liver, and other glands

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2
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Tissue usually has more matrix than cell volume, often specialized to support, bind, and protect organs

Found in tendons and ligaments, cartilage and bone, and the blood

Vascular

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3
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

Tissue composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction

Found in skeletal muscles, heart (cardiac muscle), and the walls of viscera (smooth muscle)

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4
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Tissue contains excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Contains neurons and nueroglia (gial cells)

Receives and transmits electrical and chemical signals

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5
Q

Longitudinal

A

Cut on long axis

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6
Q

Cross

A

Cut perpendicular to long axis

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7
Q

Oblique

A

Cut on a slant between longitudinal and and cross section

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8
Q

Fixative

A

Prevents decay and holds the sample together

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9
Q

Stain

A

Provides contrast between tissues or components of a cell

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10
Q

Section

A

Tissue sliced into thin sections

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11
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

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12
Q

Basal Surface

A

Faces basement membrane (bottom)

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13
Q

Apical Surface

A

Faces away from the basement membrane (away/outside)

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14
Q

Lateral Surface

A

Surface between cells

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15
Q

Matrix

A

Substance between cells that contains fibrous proteins and interstitial fluid

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16
Q

Lumen

A

The opening or the inside of a tubular body structure that is lined by tissues

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17
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

Every cell touches the basement membrane in a single row

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18
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

Some cells rest on top of one another and do not touch the basement membrane (stacked)

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19
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Single row of thin, flat cells

Found in alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

Rapid diffusion/transporting of substances

Secreteserous fluid

20
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

Multiple layers of thin, flat cells

21
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Single row of cube-like cells

Found in the liver, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, and kidney tubules

Absorption

Secretion

Mucous production and movement

22
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Multiple layers of cube-like cells

Found in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules

Rare

Secretes sweat, produces sperm, and produces ovarian hormones

23
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Single row of tall rectangular cells

Nuclei at the basal half of the cell

Microvilli

Ciliated in some organs

May have goblet cells

Absorption

Secretion

Found in the GI tract lining, uterus, kidney, and uterine tubes

24
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Multiple layers of tall rectangular cells

Found in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules

Rare

Secretes sweat, produces sperm, produces ovarian hormones

25
Q

Pseudostratified

A

All cells reach the basement membrane but have the illusion of being on top of one another

Nuclei at several layers

Cilia

Goblet cells

Secretes and propels mucous

Found int he respiratory tract and portions of the male urethra

26
Q

Keratinized

A

Type of tissue where there is a layer of dead cells (without nuclei) present on the apical surface

Found on skin surface

Contain keratin and glycolipid

Abrasion resistant

27
Q

Nonkeratinized

A

Type if tissue where there is NOT a layer of dead cells present on the apical surface

Resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens

Found on the tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina

28
Q

Pseudostratified

A

All cells reach the basement membrane but have the illusion of being on top of one another

Nuclei at several layers

Cilia

Goblet cells

Secretes and propels mucous

Found in the respiratory tract and portions of the male urethra

29
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Voluntary, made of muscle fibres containing striations

Looks like long rows of dark and light bands

Attached to bone

Multiple nuclei

30
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Involuntary, striated

Only found in the heart

Looks like stacks of rectangular red-striated blocks with intermittent white discs containing purple nuclei

Myocytes (cardiocytes)

31
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Involuntary

No striations

Found in walls of hollow organs

Visceral muscle

Looks like long, red rope-like stretches with purple nuclei

32
Q

Loose Fibrous Connective

A

Much of the space is occupied by ground substance between cells

33
Q

Adipose Connective

A

Adipocytes

Loose connective tissue and blood capillaries between adipocytes

34
Q

Cartilage Connective (Supportive)

A

Found in the ear, tip of nose, and “adam’s apple”

Stiff

Flexible matrix

Chondroblasts (trapped in lacunae)

No blood vessels

Diffusion

35
Q

Bone Connective (Supportive)

A

Osteons

Hard

Calcified

Found in the bones of the skeleton

36
Q

Blood Connective (Fluid)

A

Transports cells and dissolved matter

Three components: plasma, leukocytes & thrombocytes, and erythrocytes

37
Q

Dense Fibrous Connective

A

Fibres are more abundant than ground substance

38
Q

Dense Regular Fibrous Connective

A

Fibres follow the same pattern

Looks like waves of fibres

39
Q

Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective

A

Fibres so not follow the same pattern and are sporadically placed

40
Q

White Fat

A

Body’s primary energy reservoir

Thermal insulation

Cushions organs

41
Q

Brown Fat

A

Found in infants and children

Colour from blood vessels and mitochondria

Heat-generating tissue

42
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Connective

A

Found in joints, anterior ends of ribs, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton, and nose

Purpose is to ease joint movements, holds airways open, and moves vocal cords

Collagen

Looks like purple matrix with medium-sized circular cells with dark purple nuclei

43
Q

Elastic Cartilage Connective

A

Found in the ear and epiglottis

Purpose is to provide flexible, elastic support

Elastic fibres

Looks like blue matrix with large circular cells with elastic fibres surrounding

44
Q

Fibrocartilage Cartilage Connective

A

Found in the pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs

Purpose is to resist compression and absorb shock

Looks like bundles of fibres with intermittent bundles of dark purple nuceli

45
Q

Compact Bone Connective

A

Dense

Calcified

No visible spaces

Looks like hollow cylinders with surrounding rings

Blood vessels and nerves travel through the central canals

Makes up the majority of bone mass

Cortical bone

46
Q

Spongy Bone Connective

A

Filled with red bone marrow

Surrounded by compact bone

Found in the heads of long bones and in the middle of flat bones (e.g., sternum)

Cancellous bone

Contain trabeculae (layers of bone matrix arranged in delicate struts)

BIOL 1050H - Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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