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BIOL 1050H - Human Anatomy > Unit 3 - The Blood > Flashcards

Unit 3 - The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory System

A

Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and the blood

Transport O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells

Protection against pathogens, infection, inflammation, cancer cells, toxins, and clotting

Regulation of fluids, pH of the extracellular fluid, and temperature

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2
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Consists of the heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Matrix of the blood

Clear, light yellow fluid

55% of the blood

Consists of proteins, nitrogenous compounds, nutrients, dissolved O2, CO2, and nitrogen, and electrolytes

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4
Q

Buffy Coat

A

Leukocytes and platelets

<1% of the blood

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5
Q

Formed Elements

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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6
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues

Transport CO2 from tissues to the lungs

Appearance: small, red, disc-like structures with a concave in the center of the cell

No nucleus, mitochondria, or DNA

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7
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without the fibrinogen

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8
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage by volume of red blood cells in the blood

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9
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments of megakaryocyte cells

Contain granulesImportant for hemostasis

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10
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

Nuclei and organelles present

2 categories: granulocytes and agranulocytes

Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes

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11
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron bonded to four nitrogen

4 heme groups

4 protein chains

Bind oxygen to transport it to the body tissues

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12
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

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13
Q

Polycythemia

A

Excess red blood cells

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14
Q

Granulocytes

A

Contain granules

Include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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15
Q

Neutrophils

A

60-70% of leukocytes

3-5 lobed nuclei

Barely visible granules

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16
Q

Eosinophils

A

2-4% of leukocytes

Two (bilobed) nuclei

Large rosy-orange granules

17
Q

Basophils

A

<1% of leukocytes

Large, abundant, dark blue granules

S-shaped nucleus

18
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Do not contain granules

Include lymphocytes and monocytes

19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

25-33% of leukocytes

Bluish cytoplasm

Round

Uniform dark violet nucleus

20
Q

Monocytes

A

3-8% of leukocytes

Largest

Kidney-shaped nucleus

Differentiate into macrophages

Ovoid

21
Q

Macrophages

A

Specialized cells involved in pathogen detection and destruction

22
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low white blood cell count

Caused by lead, arsenic, or mercury poisoning, radiation, or infectious diseases

23
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High white blood cell count

Caused by infection or allergies

24
Q

Complete Blood Count

A

Number of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and size of RBCs

25
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of hemopoietic tissues

High WBC count

BIOL 1050H - Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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