Unit 3 - The Blood Flashcards
(25 cards)
Circulatory System
Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and the blood
Transport O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells
Protection against pathogens, infection, inflammation, cancer cells, toxins, and clotting
Regulation of fluids, pH of the extracellular fluid, and temperature
Cardiovascular System
Consists of the heart and blood vessels
Plasma
Matrix of the blood
Clear, light yellow fluid
55% of the blood
Consists of proteins, nitrogenous compounds, nutrients, dissolved O2, CO2, and nitrogen, and electrolytes
Buffy Coat
Leukocytes and platelets
<1% of the blood
Formed Elements
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues
Transport CO2 from tissues to the lungs
Appearance: small, red, disc-like structures with a concave in the center of the cell
No nucleus, mitochondria, or DNA
Serum
Plasma without the fibrinogen
Hematocrit
Percentage by volume of red blood cells in the blood
Platelets
Cell fragments of megakaryocyte cells
Contain granulesImportant for hemostasis
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Nuclei and organelles present
2 categories: granulocytes and agranulocytes
Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes
Hemoglobin
Iron bonded to four nitrogen
4 heme groups
4 protein chains
Bind oxygen to transport it to the body tissues
Anemia
Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Polycythemia
Excess red blood cells
Granulocytes
Contain granules
Include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Neutrophils
60-70% of leukocytes
3-5 lobed nuclei
Barely visible granules
Eosinophils
2-4% of leukocytes
Two (bilobed) nuclei
Large rosy-orange granules
Basophils
<1% of leukocytes
Large, abundant, dark blue granules
S-shaped nucleus
Agranulocytes
Do not contain granules
Include lymphocytes and monocytes
Lymphocytes
25-33% of leukocytes
Bluish cytoplasm
Round
Uniform dark violet nucleus
Monocytes
3-8% of leukocytes
Largest
Kidney-shaped nucleus
Differentiate into macrophages
Ovoid
Macrophages
Specialized cells involved in pathogen detection and destruction
Leukopenia
Low white blood cell count
Caused by lead, arsenic, or mercury poisoning, radiation, or infectious diseases
Leukocytosis
High white blood cell count
Caused by infection or allergies
Complete Blood Count
Number of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
Hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and size of RBCs
