Unit 3 Test Flashcards
Describe how an impulse is transmitted across a synapse (3)
- vesicle releases neurotransmitter
- neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse
- neurotransmitter binds to receptor
Describe the effect that sensitisation has on the synapse (1)
Increased sensitivity of receptors
Describe the consequence that sensitisation has on the individual
Leads to addiction
What part of the brain regulates heart rate and other unconscious activities
Medulla
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves work antagonistically.
Explain what this statement means.
They cause opposite effects
Why does the heart continue to contract when both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are blocked
The SAN controls the heart rate
effects the sympathetic nervous system has on the body
Increases heart rate
Increases breathing rate
Decreases digestion
(it’s fight or flight)
effect the parasympathetic nervous system has on the body
Decreases heart rate
Decreases breathing rate
Increases digestion
(it’s rest and digest)
Name the chemicals which aid the movement of T lymphocytes to the site of infection.
Cytokines
Describe an advantage of having memory cells.
Individual does not develop the same infection again
State how a tuberculosis (TB) pathogen avoids immune detection.
It hides within phagocytes
Describe how the autonomic nervous system increases the heart rate.
- Medulla controls the autonomic nervous system
- SAN sends impulses through heart to AVN
- A sympathetic neuron releases noradrenaline
- Noradrenaline increases heart rate
Activities that increases endorphin production
Sex
Exercise
Eating
Laughter
Functions of endorphins
Reduce the intensity of pain
Induce feelings of euphoria
What cells release histamine
Mast cells
how is a lymphocyte able to recognise a particular
pathogen
It recognises an antigen
What does a T lymphocyte do
Destroy infected body cells by inducing cell apoptosis
What does a B lymphocyte do
produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins
What part of the brain controls conscious thought, intelligence, personality and high-level functions (such as language and verbal memory)
Cerebrum
What part of the brain controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity
Cerebellum
What part of the brain regulates temperature and water balance in the body
Hypothalamus
What is the cerebral cortex
- The centre of conscious thought, recalls memories and alters behaviour in light of experience
- It consists of sensory, motor and association areas involved in language, processing, personality, imagination and intelligence
What is the corpus callosum
Connects both hemispheres
