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Social studies 20 > Unit 3 Test > Flashcards

Unit 3 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the “Big 5” of WWI?

A
  • Austria
  • Prussia
  • Russia
  • Britain
  • France
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2
Q

What were the aims of Austria?

A
  • Maintain a balance of power

- Opposes efforts to expand Prussia and Russia

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3
Q

What were the aims of Prussia?

A
  • Expand its territorial holdings
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4
Q

What were the aims of Russia?

A
  • Wanted control of Poland

- Collective security

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5
Q

What were the aims of Britain?

A
  • Balance of power on the continent

- Priority to contain Russia

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6
Q

What were the aims of France?

A
  • Restore self as a major power

- Wants to be an equal at The Congress

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7
Q

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A
  • Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

- Assassinated on June 28th 1914

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8
Q

Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A
  • Serbian nationalist organization “The Black Hand”
  • Wished to unite Bosnia and Herzegovina with Serbia
  • Austria-Hungary viewed the assassination as a conspiracy backed by the Serbian government
  • Austria-Hungary believe Germany will support them
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9
Q

How did Austria-Hungary respond to the assassination?

A
  • Gives Serbia an ultimatum
  • Suppress all anti-Austrian-Hungarian activities, dismiss all officials hostile to Austria-Hungary, Austria-Hungary officials to enter Serbia to investigate assassination
  • All must be answered in 48 hours
  • Serbia follows through with all except the investigation
  • Austria-Hungary mobilizes forces
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10
Q

What was the Schlieffen plan?

A
  • Germany’s solution to fighting a two-front war
  • Believed Russia would be slow to mobilize so they plan to quickly strike France through Belgium and circle Paris then attack Russia
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11
Q

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?

A
  • Strong Belgian resistance delayed German advancement
  • Britain sends forces to Belgium to help stop Germany
  • Russia mobilized quicker than Germany anticipated and more German troops were needed on the Eastern front
  • Both armies could not break through each other’s lines which resulted in a stalemate
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12
Q

What were the Balkan wars (1912)?

A
  • Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro went to war to drive the Turks out of Europe
  • Serbian expansion denied
  • Bulgaria attacked Serbia and fighting resumed
  • Ethnic minorities in the Balkans were agitated (ignited WWI)
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13
Q

What altered relationships between the nations of the world prior to WWI?

A
  • The Industrial Revolution
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14
Q

What were the results of the Industrial Revolution?

A
  • Increased standards of living
  • Increased military power
  • Economic growth
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15
Q

How did industrialized countries have an advantage over other countries?

A
  • Ability to wage mechanized war

- Ability to sustain long periods of fighting

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16
Q

What countries gained great-power status through industrialization (industrial powers)?

A
  • Britain, France, Germany (first)

- United States, Russia, Japan (later)

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17
Q

Why did tensions between industrial powers arise?

A
  • Each sought to expand their sphere of influenece
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18
Q

As war became imminent what two alliances were formed?

A
  • The Triple Entente

- The Triple Alliance

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19
Q

What countries were apart of the Triple Entente?

A
  • France, Britain, Russia
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20
Q

What countries were apart of the Triple Alliance?

A
  • Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
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21
Q

Why did these alliances form?

A
  • Result of the Balkan Wars
22
Q

What happened to the major powers after the Balkan Wars?

A
  • All major powers increased their military expenditures (both in size of forces and production of war material)
23
Q

What did the increase in spending cause?

A
  • Upset the balance of power (over half a century)

- Threw decades of military planning into disarray

24
Q

What countries in particular began rapid expansion and modernization of their armies?

A
  • France and Russia
25
Q

What did Great Britain realize at this time?

A
  • Plans to send an army onto the continent as well as put its battle fleets into action
26
Q

How did Germany respond to the arms buildup?

A
  • Created the Schlieffen plan
  • Already had a strong army and an expanding navy
  • However, the increasing preparedness of rivals posed a lethal threat
27
Q

Why did the United States join the war?

A
  • The sinking of the Lusitania

- Zimmerman Telegram

28
Q

What was the Lusitania?

A
  • British ocean liner
  • Transported people from the United States to Britain
  • In 1915, was transporting 1959 passengers from New York to Liverpool (159 American)
  • Was sunk by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland
  • 1198 passengers died
  • Americans were outraged that 128 U.S. citizens were killed in a war in which they were neutral
  • Heightened tensions between U.S. and germany
29
Q

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A
  • German Foreign secretary Zimmerman attempted to send a telegram that was intercepted by the British on January 19th 1917.
  • German ambassador made a proposal to the Mexican government in order to gain their support
  • Mexico would receive financial assistance and an understanding that after the war, Germany would support Mexico’s claim to Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if Mexico would attack the United States
  • Would divert the US’s attention away from Europe and result in German victory
30
Q

When did American join WWI?

A
  • Woodrow Wilson declared war on April 6th 1917
  • Almost guaranteed a victory for the allies
  • 12 million soldiers and thousands of tanks, airplanes and ships were to be constructed in a massive show of overwhelming industrial strength
31
Q

What was the Home Front?

A
  • Refers to life in Canada during the war
32
Q

How did life change on the Home Front?

A
  • Massive changes in the role of women
  • Rationing of materials that would be used in the war
  • Internment of enemy aliens
  • War was responsible for surge in the economy
  • New factories opened
  • Many factories switched their production to war goods
  • Agricultural production increased (Canada sent food to Europe)
33
Q

What was Canada’s annual Federal budget in 1914?

A
  • $130 million
34
Q

How much did Canada spend on war efforts?

A
  • $3 billion
35
Q

How did Canada fund the war?

A
  • Canadians bough war bonds

- When bonds weren’t enough, income tax was introduced

36
Q

How did the role of women change on the Home Front during the war?

A
  • Took over jobs of men who had left for war
  • Served overseas as nurses and ambulance drivers
  • Worked long hours in factories (low salary and resentment from male colleagues)
37
Q

How did life change for women in Canada during WWI?

A
  • Introduction of suffrage
  • Many women organized themselves and formed the suffragist movements in Canada
  • Dorothy Davis from British Columbia, Margaret Gordon in Ontario, Emily Murphy and Alice Jamieson from Alberta, and Manitoba’s Nellie McClung
  • In January of 1916, women in Manitoba were given the right to vote, March- Saskatchewan, April-Alberta
38
Q

How did life change in Britain during the war?

A
  • Increase in numbers of women entering the work force
  • Shortages reduced standards of living
  • Wages rose
  • Workers increased their bargaining power
39
Q

How much did military spending increase in Europe from 1870-1914?

A
  • 300%
40
Q

How did the British government create permanent change in Britain?

A
  • Government took total control of the resources of the nation
  • Total reorganization of society
  • Government assumed the widest powers over citizens and property
  • Nearly all aspects of life were under government supervision
  • Government established a rationing system
  • Society became more homogenous
  • War had brought an unintended social revolution
41
Q

What contributed to the Russian Revolution?

A
  • Russia remained in the war despite having far greater losses than any other nation
  • Russia’s industrial and agricultural resources could not sustain their armies any longer
  • Russians became sick of the war and its total collapse was inevitable
42
Q

By 1917 how was the Russian army decimated?

A
  • Successive German victories
  • 3.6 million Russian soldiers had been killed
  • 2.1 million Russian soldiers had been captured
  • 2 million soldiers had deserted the army
43
Q

How did the Russian government change?

A
  • Romanov Dynasty fell as German forces advanced through Poland and Galicia
  • The tsarist government was replaced by two provisional governments in succession
  • Aleksander Kerensky proposed to continue the unpopular war despite public unrest and an increasing casualty rate
  • Kerensky promised to hold elections in the fall
44
Q

By the time the revolution occurred, how was Russia impacted?

A
  • 700% inflation
  • Series of crippling strikes ended any effort to supply the Russian armies
  • Severe food shortages became widespread
45
Q

What did the Russian Revolution result in?

A
  • The inability of the provisional government to supply the people and the army led to the overthrow of the government in the October Revolution
  • Brought Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and the Bolsheviks to power
46
Q

How did Lenin win the support of the Bolsheviks?

A
  • His platform

- Peace, Love, and Bread

47
Q

How did the Bolsheviks overthrow the Russian government?

A
  • Coup d’etat
48
Q

What did the Bolsheviks do with their newfound power?

A
  • Pulled Russian out of the war immediately
49
Q

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A
  • Ended Russia’s participation in WWI
  • Russia forced to cede territory to Germany (contained a third of the country’s population and large quantities of iron, coal and factories that manufactured goods for the war effort)
  • Russia required to pay 6 billion marks in reparations
  • Marked German victory in the East
50
Q

What was the purpose of the Triple Alliance?

A
  • Isolate France
51
Q

How did imperialism affect WWI?

A
  • 1905 Moroccan Crisis: status of Morocco called into question as Kaiser Wilhelm declares his support for Moroccan independence (Angered Britain and France)
  • In 1911 France sends troops into Morocco to protect Europeans (riots), Germany responds by sending a battleship and demanded the French Congo for the recognition of French influence

Social studies 20 (7 decks)

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