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Biology 1020 > Unit 3 Test > Flashcards

Unit 3 Test Flashcards

1
Q

the way an organism reacts to a stimulus or situation

A

behavior

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2
Q

a behavior brought about by a sign stimulus

A

fixed action patterns

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3
Q

a durable change in behavior brought about by experience

A

learning

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4
Q

a simple form of learning that has a strong genetic component

A

imprinting

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5
Q

a change in behavior that involves an association between 2 events

A

associative learning

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6
Q

when 2 different types of stimuli are present at the same time causing the animal to form an association between them

A

classical conditioning

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7
Q

when a stimulus response is strengthened through rewards and punishment

A

operant conditioning

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8
Q

choosing mates with traits similar to themselves

A

assortative selection

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9
Q

the selecting is “always” done by one sex

A

sexual selection

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10
Q

a behavior that potentially limits an organism’s reproductive success but benefits another member of the species

A

altruism

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11
Q

when the potential sacrifice will benefit an individual with the same genetics

A

kin selection

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12
Q

refers to the number of offspring an individual rears and supports

A

inclusive fitness

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13
Q

when an organism temporarily reduces its fitness to increase another organisms’ fitness, expecting that they will return the favor

A

reciprocal altruism

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14
Q

a complex interrelated network of living organisms and their surroundings

A

ecosystem

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15
Q

the living things within the ecosystem

A

community

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16
Q

members of a particular species within the ecosystem

A

population

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17
Q

members of a population that interbreed under natural conditions

A

species

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18
Q

the science that deals with the interrelationships among living things and their environment

A

ecology

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19
Q

the non-living portion of the environment

A

abiotic

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20
Q

the living portion of the environment

A

biotic

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21
Q

the maximum rate a population can increase or grow

A

biotic potential

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22
Q

the factors that tend to limit population growth

A

environmental resistance

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23
Q

growth by a fixed percent of the population size at the beginning of the period

A

exponential growth

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24
Q

rapid growth in the population followed by a dramatic crash

A

boom and bust cycles

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25
the maximum size the environment can sustain on a regular basis
carrying capacity
26
these factors limit the size and growth of populations regardless of the size of the population
density-independent limits
27
these are the factors that the impact varies with the size of the population
density-dependent limits
28
organisms that kill and eat other organisms
predators
29
live on or in their host but do not intend to hurt or weaken them
parasitism
30
competition between members of different species
interspecific
31
competition between members of the same species
intraspecific
32
competition that is free for all
scramble competition
33
competition that is mainly caused by territorial issues
contest competition
34
competition that is due to a hierarchy
dominant inheritance
35
when population members live in groups
aggregated (clumped) distribution
36
when organisms maintain relative, constant distance between individuals
uniform distribution
37
when a population has no groups in their species
random distribution
38
plotted population characteristics over time
survivorship curves
39
population type that shows a low infant mortality
convex
40
population type where the offspring have an equal chance of surviving at any time
constant
41
population type where large numbers of offspring are left on their own and have high infant mortality
concave
42
when the organism lives as well as other aspects of it's life
niche
43
is interspecific or intraspecific competition more intense
intraspecific
44
true or false: predator prey relationships include animals eating plants
true
45
color patterns an organism has to help themselves hide
camouflage
46
true or false: camouflage is only used by prey
false, predators can use camouflage too
47
camouflage that alerts a predator of a toxic or bad tasting prey
warning coloration
48
camouflage that is an advantage for non-poisonous, good tasting prey to look like the bad tasting ones
mimicry
49
camouflage that is used to alert and confuse the predator for a chance to escape
startle coloration
50
camouflage where plants and animals produce chemical toxins to defend themselves
chemical warfare
51
extended interaction between organisms of different species
symbiosis
52
interaction where one benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
53
interaction where one organism benefits and the other isn't affected at all
commensalism
54
interaction where both organisms benefit
mutualism
55
the change in a community and its nonliving environment over time
succession
56
where does succession begin and end
begin = pioneer species, end = climax community
57
succession that begins on bare rock and takes thousands of years to reach climax
primary succession
58
succession where new ecosystems are established after the existing one is destroyed and takes a couple hundred years to climax
secondary succession
59
succession that begins with an influx of nutrients from outside
pond succession
60
an ecosystem covering an extensive area
biome
61
energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it does change from one form to another
first law of thermodynamics
62
the energy the photosynthetic organisms make available to the community
net primary productivity
63
feeding levels; classifies organisms based on their role in the flow of energy
trophic levels
64
what are the four trophic levels
producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers
65
organisms in this trophic level use energy from the sun
producers
66
organisms in this trophic level are herbivores
primary consumers
67
organisms in this trophic level are carnivores that eat herbivores
secondary consumers
68
organisms in this trophic level are omnivores that eat carnivores
tertiary consumers
69
used to illustrate linear feeding relationships and interactions
food chains
70
used to show the actual feeding relationships in the ecosystem
food web
71
true or false: a food web is more accurate than a food chain
true
72
organisms that liberate nutrients and remove waste
decomposers
73
organisms that live on refuse (solid waste)
detritus feeders
74
shows the flow of energy through trophic levels
energy pyramid
75
how much energy does a trophic level get from the previous trophic level
10%
76
when levels of toxins in animals' bodies increase with each trophic level
biomagnification
77
which cycle(s) is located in the atmospheric region
carbon and nitrogen cycles
78
which cycle(s) is located in the hydrologic region
water cycle
79
which cycle(s) is located in the sedimentary region
phosphorus cycle
80
when sulfur dioxide mixes with water and forms sulfuric acid in the atmosphere
acid rain
81
an interdisciplinary science with the explicit goal of protecting biodiversity and the Earth's natural resources
conservation biology
82
the variety of life on Earth
biodiversity
83
a species that faces immediate extinction throughout all or most of its range
endangered species
84
a species that is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future
threatened species
85
the number of different alleles and relative frequency of those alleles in populations and species
genetic diversity
86
the interaction between the species and the abiotic environment in any given area
ecosystem diversity
87
the number of interactive ecosystems within a single piece of land
landscape diversity
88
the prevailing weather conditions in a particular region that occurs seasonally
climate
89
the particular conditions at any given time
weather
90
climate and weather conditions based on the Earth's rotation around the sun
seasons
91
when the sun aims directly at the equator in March
vernal equinox
92
when the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun in June
summer solstice
93
when the sun aims directly at the equator in September
autumnal equinox
94
when the northern hemisphere tilts away from the sun in December
winter solstice
95
what biome do we live in (Tennessee)
temperate deciduous forest
96
the value we place on the services the organisms perform
direct value
97
the value we place on the organisms that allow for prescription drugs
medicinal value
98
the value we place on agronomic commodity crops with their diversity
agricultural value
99
the value placed on those wild species that are of major importance that have not been modified
consumptive use value
100
the value placed on parts of the ecosystem that benefit humans but can't have a direct value placed on them
indirect value
101
the indirect value we place on the nutrient and water cycles
biogeochemical cycles
102
the indirect value we place on the decomposers and detritus feeders
waste disposal
103
the indirect value we place on specifically the water cycle
provision of fresh water
104
the total loss of a species
extinction
105
what are the five causes of extinction
habitat loss, alien species, pollution, overexploitation, and disease
106
what is the number one factor that causes extinction
humans

Biology 1020 (3 decks)

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