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cell bio > unit 3 terms > Flashcards

unit 3 terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

endomembrane system

A

includes ER, Golgi, Lysosomes, endosomes, and peroxisomes

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2
Q

lysosomes

A

compartments that digest fats, and unwanted material

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3
Q

endosomes

A

help with sorting of endocytosed molecules

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4
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down of toxic molecules

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5
Q

signal sequences

A

stretches of amino acids that determine where a protein will end up

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6
Q

nuclear envelope

A

encloses the DNA and is formed from two concentric membranes

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7
Q

NLS

A

Nuclear localization signal. what proteins destined for the nucleus contain

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8
Q

nuclear import receptor

A

cytosolic proteins

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9
Q

protein translocator

A

proteins embedded in the membrane that help move cargo across the dual membranes

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10
Q

chaperone proteins

A

interact with the protein inside and help pull it across the membrane

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11
Q

ER signal sequence

A

a signal that any protein that starts in the ER contains

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12
Q

SRP

A

signal recognition protein that takes protein to SRP receptor

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13
Q

SRP receptor

A

the receptor of the protein targeted by the SRP

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14
Q

stop transfer sequence

A

results in the stopping of proteins through the pore. any amino acids from the stop transfer to the end will remain outside the ER in the cytosol.

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15
Q

start transfer sequence

A

restarts the passage of a protein through the translocon.

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16
Q

transport vesicle

A

a small, spherical, membrane-bound sac that carries substance between different parts of a cell.

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17
Q

secretory pathway

A

membrane-bound organelles that transport and release proteins, peptides, or neurotransmitters from a cell to its exterior.

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18
Q

endocytic pathway

A

a cellular process in which substance from the extracellular environment are engulfed and brought into the cell through the formation of vesicles.

19
Q

coated vesicles

A

spherical membrane-bound organelle that transports proteins and lipids between compartments within a cell

20
Q

clathrin

A

helps form the vesicle

21
Q

adaptin

A

responsible for choosing the molecules that will be transported

22
Q

dynamin

A

a protein that plays a key role in membrane fission and vesicle formation in eukaryotic cells. helps pinch vesicle off in budding

23
Q

Rab

A

on vesicles and acs like target markers for tethering proteins to find the vesicle.

24
Q

tethering protein

A

grab the vesicle and bring it closer to form with the target membrane.

25
Q

v-snare

A

located on the vesicle to help tether and fuse to the membrane

26
Q

t-snare

A

located on the target membrane to help tether and fuse the vesicle to the membrane.

27
Q

glycosylation

A

covalent attachment of a 14-sugar chain to a protein.

28
Q

dolichol

A

hold sugar groups together

29
Q

ER retention signal

A

what ER-destined proteins contain as an additional ER signal in receptors of both ER and golgi

30
Q

anterograde

A

ER to Golgi transport

31
Q

retrograde

A

Golgi to ER transport

32
Q

UPR

A

unfolded protein response promotes the formation of more ER, chaperones, additional quality control proteins

33
Q

cristernae

A

multiple flattened membrane-bound sac in golgi

34
Q

constitutive exocytosis

A

a constant stream of transport vesicles off the trans-Golgi that delivers newly made lipids and proteins to the plasma membrane. delivers soluble proteins that will be released from the cell. does not require a signal sequence.

35
Q

regulated exocytosis

A

secretory vesicles that only operate in cells that are specialized for secretion.

36
Q

secretory vesicles

A

cells that make large quantities of specific molecules like hormones. molecules are held in secretory vesicles until their release is desired.

37
Q

phagocytosis

A

cellular eating- ingestion of large particles, including whole cells or large pieces of cell debris

38
Q

pseudopods

A

sheet-like projections that capture the microbe and are produced by phagocytes

39
Q

phagosome

A

fuses with a lysosome to facilitate microbe death.

40
Q

autophagy

A

the process by which cells degrade obsolete components

41
Q

autophagosome

A

an additional membrane for organelles that fuse with lysosome

42
Q

RME

A

allows for the uptake of specific molecules into the cell

43
Q

transcytosis

A

a process that move molecules across a cell by capturing them in vesicles on one side of the cell, transporting them across the cytoplasm, and releasing them on the other side.

44
Q

mannose-6-phosphate

A

a molecule that plays a key role in transporting proteins to lysosomes

cell bio (4 decks)

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